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Á¤½ÅÁúȯ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â »çȸÀû ¿äÀεé Social Factors Affecting Psychiatric Disorders

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ÀÌÁ¤Å ( Lee Chung-Tai ) 
°¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ Á¤½Å°úÇб³½Ç

Abstract

»çȸÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ(social psychiatry)Àº Á¤½ÅÁúȯ°ú Àΰ£ÀÇ È¯°æ°£ÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Â Á¤½ÅÀÇÇÐÀÇ ÇÑ ºÐ¾ß·Î¼­ »çȸÀû °á¼Ó(social
cohesion), °øÀ¯µÇ´Â °¡Ä¡µé(shared values), °æÁ¦Àû »óÅÂ, Àû¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ À§Çù, »ýÁ¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±â´ë µî ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¿äÀεéÀÇ È¿°úµé¿¡ °üÇÑ °³³äµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °³°³Àΰú À̵éÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â °Íµé »çÀÌÀÇ Á¢ÃË ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© °á±¹ Á¤½ÅÁúȯÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ ±â¿©Çϰųª °æ°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´Â Èûµé¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â Çй®À¸·Î Á¤ÀǵȴÙ. »çȸÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐÀÇ ¿µ¿ª¿¡´Â Á¤½ÅÀÇÇÐÀû ¿ªÇÐ, Áö¿ª»çȸÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ, »ç¹ýÁ¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ, ¹®È­Á¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ, Ⱦ¹®È­ Á¤½ÅÀÇÇÐ µîÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
º» °í¿¡¼­´Â Á¤½ÅÁúȯ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â »çȸÀû ¿äÀεéÀ» ¿ªÇÐÀû ¿¬±¸Á¶»çÀÇ °á°úµéÀ» ÇÔ²² °íÂûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¬·É, ¼ºº°, È¥ÀλóÅ µîÀÌ
Áúº´ÀÇ ºÐÆ÷¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ, »çȸ°èÃþ¿¡ µû¸¥ Áúº´ ºÐÆ÷, µµ½ÃÈ­, Áö¿ª¿¡ µû¸¥ ¿µÇâ, ¼¼´ëÀÇ º¯È­¿¡ µû¸¥ ¿µÇâ, °Å½Ã»çȸÀû ¿äÀεé, ±×¸®°í ÀüÀïÀ̳ª ±Þ¼ÓÇÑ Çö´ëÈ­ µîÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» °íÂûÇÏ¿´°í, À̾ ºÎÁ¤Àû »ýÈ°»ç°ÇµéÀ̳ª °¡È¤ÇÑ °æÇèµé, ½ÇÁ÷ µîÀÌ Á¤½ÅÁúȯ¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâÀ» »ìÆ캸¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, »çȸÀû ÁöÁöÀÇ ¸¹°í ÀûÀ½¿¡ µû¸¥ Â÷À̸¦ ÃßÁ¤ÇØ º¸¾Ò´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÃÖ±Ù ¿ì¸® »çȸ¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´ø ´ëÇü »ç°í³ª ÀçÇØ µîÀÌ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ ¿¬±¸°á°úµéÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î °íÂûÀ» ½ÃµµÇÏ¿´´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹®ÇåÀÌ ¿ì¸® ³ª¶óÀÇ Ã³Áö¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾î¼­ ±«¸®°¨ÀÌ ¾øÁö ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷ ±íÀÌ ¿¬±¸ÇØ º¸Áö ¸øÇß´ø ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÁ¦°¡ µÇ¾úÀ¸¸é ÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ´Ù.

Social psychiatry is a component of psychiatry, and is concerned with the relationship between mental disorders and the human environment. It includes the concepts about the effects of various factors such as social cohesion, shared values, economic stutus, threat from the enemies, and expect for survivor. Also it is defined as the science studying the forces which affect the interface between individuals and those around them, and which may act on the onset, or influence the course of mental illnesses. There are psychiatric epidemiology, community psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, cultural psychiatry, and cross-cultural psychiatry, in the realm of social psychiatry. Author reviewed various social factors affecting mental disorders, with presentation of the results of epidemiological studies, Those reviewed were the effects of age, sex, marital status, and social class in the distribution of mental illnesses, the influence of urbanization, regional variation, and secular change, and the macrosocial factors including war and rapid modernization, which succeeded to the review of adverse life events, extreme experiences, and unemployment affecting mental illnesses, as well as social support as a protective elements of the human environment. At the same time, author also reviewed the results of researches approaching psychological effects of one of the human disasters, named ¡°Sampoong Accident¡±, and economic crisis, so called ¡°IMF crisis¡±, both which recently impacted upon our society and resulted in adverse consequences.

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Social psychiatry;Mental disorder;Social factor

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