Protective Effect of Ginkgo biloba L. Leaf Extract Against Glyphosate Toxicity in Swiss Albino Mice
Cavusoglu Kultigin, Yapar Kursad, Oruc Ertan, Yalcin Emine,
소속 상세정보
( Cavusoglu Kultigin )
Giresun University Faculty of Arts and Science Department of Biology
( Yapar Kursad )
Giresun University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Pharmacology
( Oruc Ertan )
Ataturk University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology
( Yalcin Emine )
Giresun University Faculty of Arts and Science Department of Biology
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract against the active agent of Roundup® herbicide (Monsanto, Creve Coeur, MO, USA). The Swiss Albino mice were randomly divided into six groups, with each group consisting of six animals: Group I (control) received an intraperitoneal injection of dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2?mL, once only), Group II received glyphosate at a dose of 50?mg/kg of body weight, Group III received G. biloba at a dose of 50?mg/kg of body weight, Group IV received G. biloba at a dose of 150?mg/kg of body weight, Group V received G. biloba (50?mg/kg of body weight) and glyphosate (50?mg/kg of body weight), and Group VI received G. biloba (150?mg/kg of body weight) and glyphosate (50?mg/kg of body weight). The single dose of glyphosate was given intraperitoneally. Animals from all the groups were sacrificed at the end of 72 hours, and their blood, bone marrow, and liver and kidney tissues were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels and the presence of micronucleus (MN), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and pathological damages. The results indicated that serum AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels significantly increased in mice treated with glyphosate alone compared with the other groups (P<.05). Besides, glyphosate-induced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant increase in MDA levels of the liver and kidney tissues. Moreover, glyphosate alone?treated mice presented higher frequencies of CAs, MNs, and abnormal metaphases compared with the controls (P<.05). These mice also displayed a lower mean mitotic index than the controls (P<.05). Treatment with G. biloba produced amelioration in indices of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and genotoxicity relative to Group II. Each dose of G. biloba provided significant protection against glyphosate-induced toxicity, and the strongest effect was observed at a dose of 150?mg/kg of body weight. Thus, in vivo results showed that G. biloba extract is a potent protector against glyphosate-induced toxicity, and its protective role is dose-dependent.
키워드
biochemical parameters; chromosomal aberrations; lipid peroxidation; micronucleus; oxidative stress; pathology
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