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NOD »ýÁã·Î ºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷ ƯÀÌ CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸ Beta-Cell Cytotoxic CD8+T Cells From Nonobese Diabetic Mice

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Abstract

´ç´¢º´¿¡´Â 2Á¾·ù°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸´Ï Çϳª´Â ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â Á¦1Çü ´ç´¢º´À¸·Î
Àν¶¸°ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´(type I diabetes, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM)ÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥
Çϳª´Â ¼ºÀÎ ºñ¸¸È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â Á¦2Çü ´ç´¢º´À¸·Î Àν¶¸° ºñÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´(type II
diabetes, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM)´Ù. Àν¶¸°ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´Àº À¯Àü
Àû ¹× ÀÚ¿¬È¯°æ ¿äÀÎÀÇ »óÈ£º¹ÇÕÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸é¿ªÃ¼°è¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡¸é¿ªÁúȯÀÇ
ÀÏÁ¾À¸·Î¼­ Àν¶¸° ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­´Â Àν¶¸°À» ºÐºñÇÏ´Â ÃéÀ庣Ÿ¼¼Æ÷
ÀÇ Æı«¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Àν¶¸°ºÐºñ±â´ÉÀÇ ÀúÇÏ¿Í °íÇ÷´çÀÇ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ º´Àû¼Ò°ßÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
NOD(non-obese diabetes) ÈòÁã´Â Àν¶¸°ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡ °¡Àå³Î¸® ÀÌ¿ëµÇ´Â ¸Å¿ì
À¯¿ëÇÑ µ¿¹° ¸ðµ¨ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ ¹ß¹ß¿¡ ¼¼Æ÷¼º¸é¿ªÀÇ °ü¿©°¡ ³Î¸® ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ°í Àν¶¸°À»
ºÐºñÇÏ´Â ÃéÀå º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Æı«¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ´ç´¢º´ÀÌ ¹ß¹ßÇÏ´Â ¹Ù ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ º´¸®±âÀüÀ» ¿¬±¸
Çϴµ¥ À־´Â T ÀÓÆÄÆı¸¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â À̽¶¸°ÀÇÁ¸Çü
´ç´¢º´ÀÇ µ¿¹°¸ðµ¨ÀÎ nonobese diabetic(NOD) »ýÁã¿¡ Àڿܼ±Á¶»çÇÏ¿© ¸é¿ª±â´ÉÀ» ÀúÇϽÃŲ
ÈÄ ´ç´¢º´Àü±¸±â°£¿¡ ¶Ç´Â ´ç´¢º´¿¡ °É¸° »ýÁã·ÎºÎÅÍ È¹µæÇÑ uncloned splenocyte¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ
adoptive transfer ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Æı«´Â T ÀÓÆı¸ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¸é¿ª±â´ÉÀÌ Àú
ÇÏµÈ athymicnude NOD »ýÁ㠶Ǵ severe combined immunedeficient (SCID)-NOD »ýÁã¿¡
¼­ÀÇ adoptive transfer ½ÇÇè¿¡µµ ´ç´¢º´À» À¯¹ßÅ°À§Çؼ­´Â CD4+ ¹×
CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸°¡ ÇÔ²² ÇÊ¿äÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, ´ç´¢º´ ¹ßº´°úÁ¤¿¡ À־ °¢ T ÀÓÆı¸ subsetÀÇ ¿ªÈ°Àº ¸íÈ®È÷ ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¹Ù ¾øÀ»
»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ä¿´Ù¶õ ³íÀï°Å¸®·Î °Å·ÐµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¤ÀÌ´Ù. ´ç´¢º´¿¡ ÀÌȯµÈ NOD»ýÁã·Î ºÎÅÍ
ÀÇ uncutoned CD4+splenocytes¸¦ SCID-NOD »ýÁã¿¡ Á¤¸Æ ÁÖ»çÇϸé insulitis
¹× ´ç´¢º´À» À¯¹ßÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ islet-reactive CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸Å¬·ÐÀº ¾î¸°
NOD»ýÁã¿¡¼­ ´ç´¢º´¹ß¹ßÀ» ¾Õ´ç±â¸ç, ´ç´¢º´¿¡ °É¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â »ýÁã¿¡ À̽ÄÇÑ isletsÀÇ Æı«¸¦
À¯µµÇϸç, neonates¿¡¼­ ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ ¹ß¹ßÀ» À¯¹ßÇϸç, Àڿܼ± Á¶»çÇÑ NOD»ýÁã¿¡
CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸Å¬·Ð°ú ÇÔ²² ÁÖ»çÇÏ¸é ´ç´¢º´À» ¿Å±æ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À§¿Í °°Àº ¿¬±¸
´Â È°¼ºÈ­µÈ islet-reactive CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸°¡ in vivo¿¡¼­ ´ç´¢º´À» À¯¹ßÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» Áö´ÔÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Àν¶¸° ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´¿¡¼­ º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Æı«°¡
CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸ÀÇ Á¸Àç¾øÀ̵µ ÀÏ¾î ³¯¼ö ÀÖÀ» »Ó¸¸¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´ëºÎºÐ
CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ­ ÀϾÀ» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸°¡
°áÇÌµÈ ¥â,-microglobulin °áÇÌ NOD »ýÁã¿¡¼­´Â ´ç´¢º´»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó insulitisµµ ¹ß»ýµÇÁö ¾Ê
´Â´Ù´Â º¸°í¿Í ´ç´¢º´¿¡ °É¸®±â Á÷ÀüÀÇ NOD »ýÁã·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ ¼ø¼öÇÑ
CD4+splenocytes´Â SCID-NOD »ýÁã¿¡¼­ ´ç´¢º´ ¹ßº´´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â º¸°í¿Í
°°Àº ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸µéÀº Àν¶¸°ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´¿¡¼­ÀÇ MHC class Irestricted
CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ­ ¹× islets ³»·ÎÀÇ ²ø¾îµéÀ̴µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù¶ó´Â °¡¼³À» ÀÌ
²ø¾î ³½´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°°Àº Çؼ®µéÀº ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ °üÂû¿¡¼­´Â ÀÏÄ¡µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áï ´ç´¢º´¿¡ ÀÌȯµÈ
NOD »ýÁã¿¡¼­ ȸµæÇÑ splenic CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸»Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´ç´¢º´¿¡ ¸·¹Ù·Î
ÀÌȯµÈ NOD»ýÁã¿¡¼­ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ islets¿¡¼­ À¯·¡ÇÑ º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷ƯÀÌ cytotoxic T lymphocyte(¥â
-CTL) Ŭ·ÐµéÀº ´ç´¢º´¿¡ ÀÌȯµÈ NOD »ýÁã·ÎºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ insulitis¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸µé°ú ÇÔ²² ÁÖ»çÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ athymic NOD³ª Àڿܼ±Á¶»çÇÑ ¼º
¼÷ NOD»ýÁã¿¡¼­ inswitis¹× ´ç´¢º´À» ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼­ ´ç´¢º´¿¡ °É¸®±â Á÷Àü
ÀÇ NOD »ýÁã·ÎºÎÅÍ È¹µæÇÑ ¼ø¼öÇÑ CD4+splenocytes´Â SCID-NOD »ýÁã¿¡¼­
CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸°¡ ¾øÀ½¿¡µµ ´ç´¢º´À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ´Â ¸øÇϳª insulitis´Â ÃÊ·¡ÇÒ¼ö
ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸´Â Ãʱâ insulitisºÎÀ§¿¡¼­ ´ç´¢º´À» À¯¹ßÅ°À§
ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ »Ó CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸¸¦ islets³»·Î ²ø¾îµéÀ̴µ¥´Â °ü¿© ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù
°í º¼¼öÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î´Â ¼º¼÷»ýÁãÀÇ islet ³»·Î CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸ ¹× ¥â
-CTL Ŭ·ÐµéÀ» ²ø¾îµéÀ̴µ¥¿¡ CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù°í º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °á
·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î Àν½¸° ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´¿¡¼­ ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀÎ º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Æı«´Â Àû¾îµµ ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î³ª¸¶
CD8+ cytotoxic T ÀÓÆı¸°¡ °ü¿©ÇÔÀ» ÀÏ·¯ÁØ´Ù.
¿ì¸®´Â ´ç´¢º´¿¡ ¸· ¹Ù·Î ÀÌȯµÈ NOD»ýÁãÀÇ islets³»¿¡´Â º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀÇ
CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸°¡ Ç×»ó Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» º¸°íÇѹ٠ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Àڿܼ±À» Á¶»çÇÑ NOD »ý
Áã¿¡ splenic CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸¿Í ¥â-CTLŬ·ÐÀ» ÇÔ²² ÁÖ»çÇؾ߸¸ÀÌ ´ç´¢º´À»
À¯¹ßÇÔÀ» º¸°íÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀÎ Àν¶¸°ÀÇÁ¸Çü ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ ¹ß¹ß½Ã CTLµéÀÌ Á¦ÇÑµÈ °¡Áö¼ö
ÀÇ target antigens À» ÀνÄÇÏ¿© islets³»·Î µé¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀÎÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÄÚÀÚ ´ç´¢º´¿¡ °É
¸®±â Á÷Àü ¹× Á÷ÈÄÀÇ NOD »ýÁãÀÇ ÃéÀå islets·Î ºÎÅÍ ºÐ¸®ÇÑ CD8+ CTL
lines¹× clonesÀÇ T cell receptor(TCR) ¥á ¹× ¥â»ç½½ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ sequencing ÇÏ¿´´Ù. MHC
class I-restricted beta cell-cytotoxic CD8+T ÀÓÆı¸´Â islet-reactive
CD4+T ÀÓÆı¸Å¬·Ð°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô ³ôÀº µ¿Áú¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â TCR ¥á¹× ¶Ç´Â ¥â»ç½½ÀÇ
CDR-3¹è¿­¼ø¼­¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϴ¹٠º£Å¸¼¼Æ÷ Ç¥¸éÀÇ antigenic determinantsÀÇ Á¦ÇÑµÈ °¡Áö¼ö¸¸
À» ÀνÄÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡ ½Ã»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
#ÃÊ·Ï#
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM) in nonobese diabetic(NOD) mice results
from a cell-mediated autoimmune process against pancreatic beta-cells. MHC class
I-restricted beta-cell-cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes(CTLs) are present
consistently in islets of prediabetic and diabetic NOD mice. Most of these islet derived
CTLs lost their beta cell cytotoxic activity within 6 months of culture. To determine
whether CTLs recruited to pancreatic islets recognize a rutstricted set of local antigens,
we sequenced TCR-¥á and TCR-¥â cDNA generated by anchor PCR from
CD8+ CTL lines and clones derived from islets of 10 different NOD mice.
These CTL lines were oligoclonal, but did not show skewed V¥á, V¥â, J¥á or J¥â gene
usuage when compared with CD8+ spleen T cells. However, of the 26
different CTL-derived TCR-¥á sequences from all of these CTL lines and clones,
17(65%) used one of three highly related, N region-encoded, CDR3 motifs. Motifs 1 and
2(7 clonotypes each) contained a hydrophobic amino acid followed by Arg and a
negatively charged or a polar residue(Asn or Gly), respectively. Motif 3(3 clonotypes)
was x-Arg-Gly In 12 of these 17 rearrangements, the core sequence was followed by
Tyr or Ser, By contrast, none of 31 different TCR-¥â rearrangements used by
CD8+spleen T cells encoded motifs 1 or 2, and only one encoded motif 3.
Different TCR-¥â rearrangements within individual lines also used homologous CDR3
sequences, but these sequences varied between lines. Skewed TCR-¥á CDR3 usuage by
islet-derived CTLs was substantiated further by isolation of CTL, clones transcribing
highly homologous TCR-G, but different TCR-¥â, rearrangements. These data suggest
that CTLs recruited to pancreatic islets during spontaneous IDDM recognize a restricted
set of beta-cell autoantigenic determinants.

Å°¿öµå

IDDM; NOD mouse; CTL; TCR.;

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