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¹Ì¼¼Áß·Â À¯»çȯ°æ¿¡¼­ Àü¸³¼± À¯»ç±â°üÀÇ 3Â÷¿ø ¹è¾ç: Á¾¾çÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú ÁøÇàÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃÅ°´Â ¼¼Æ÷-¼¼Æ÷ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë 3-Dimensional Culture of Prostate Organoid under Microgravity-Simulated Growth Conditions: Cell-Cell Interactions Favoring Cancer Growth and Progression

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¼ÕÁ¾¹Î, Dimitri T. Azar,
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¼ÕÁ¾¹Î (  ) 
°¡Å縯´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ºñ´¢±â°úÇб³½Ç

 ( Dimitri T. Azar ) 
University of Virginia ºñ´¢±â°úÇб³½Ç

Abstract

¼­·Ð
3Â÷¿ø ±¸Á¶´Â Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ±â°üÀÇ ¹ß´Þ, Á¾¾çÀÇ ¼ºÀå ¹× ÁøÇà¿¡ ÇʼöÀûÀÌ´Ù. Á¤»ó ¹ß´Þ°úÁ¤ÀÇ
ÇüÅÂÇü¼º(morphogenesis) ¹× ±â°üÇü¼º(organogenesis)°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¼¼Æ÷-¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ¼¼Æ÷-°£Áú »ó
È£ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ ÀϾ¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀº Á¾¾çÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Àüȯ, Á¾¾çÀÇ ¼ºÀå ¹× ÁøÇà¿¡µµ ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÊ
¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¹Ì¼¼Áß·Â À¯»çȯ°æ(microgravity-simulated condition)Àº in vitro¿¡¼­ Àü¸³¼±ÀÇ Á¤»ó
¹ß´Þ ¹× º´¸®»ý¸®¿Í À¯»çÇÑ 3Â÷¿øÀûÀÎ ¼ºÀåÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¼¼Æ÷-¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ¼¼Æ÷-°£
Áú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Àü¸³¼±¾ÏÀÇ ÁøÇà¿¡ ¼¼Æ÷-¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ¼¼Æ÷-°£Áú »ó
È£ÀÛ¿ëÀÌ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¿©·¯ Áõ°Å°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Èµå·ÎÁ¨ ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀÎ LNCaP°ú °ñ¼¶ À¯¸ð¼¼Æ÷(bone
fibroblast) °£ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷-¼¼Æ÷»óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î in vivo¿¡¼­ ¾Èµå·ÎÁ¨ ºñÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀÌ¸ç ¿ø°ÝÀüÀÌÀÇ
´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â C4-2¿Í C4-2(B)¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ°¡ 'induction' µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÁãÀÇ Àü¸³¼±¾Ï ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖÀÎ
NbMC-2¿Í ±âÀú¸·°ú À¯»çÇÑ ÇÕ¼º °£Áú(basement membrane-like synthetic matrix)ÀÎ
Matrigel °£ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷-°£Áú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ¸·Î in vitro¿¡¼­ NbMC-2°¡ ´õ¿í ¾Ç¼ºÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÇüÀ» °¡Áø
¼¼Æ÷·Î 'transdifferentiation' µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¼¼Æ÷-¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ¼¼Æ÷-°£Áú »óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¿¬±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¹Ì¼¼Áß·Â À¯»çȯ°æ¿¡¼­ 3Â÷¿ø ¹è¾ç¹ý
À» »ç¿ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ù°·Î LNCaP°ú °ñ¼¶À¯¸ð¼¼Æ÷¸¦ Áö±Ý±îÁöÀÇ °í½ÄÀûÀÎ 2Â÷¿ø ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î
°°ÀÌ ¹è¾çÇÏ¿© ¾òÀº LNCaPÀº in vivo ½ÇÇè °á°ú Á¾¾çÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, Áï LNCaP
Ç¥ÇöÇüÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ À¯µµÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù(¹Ìº¸°í ÀÚ·á). µÑ°´Â ¹Ì¼¼Áß·Â À¯»çȯ°æ¿¡¼­ 3Â÷¿ø ¹è
¾ç¹ýÀ¸·Î LNCaP°ú ÀÎüÀü¸³¼±¼¶À¯¸ð¼¼Æ÷(human prostate fibroblast)¸¦ °°ÀÌ ¹è¾çÇÏ¿© ¾òÀº
LNCaPÀº 3Â÷¿ø ´Üµ¶¹è¾çÀ¸·Î ¾òÀº LNCaPº¸´Ù dihydrotestosterone(DHT)¿¡ ³ëÃâµÉ ¶§ ´õ
¿í ±æ°Ô Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â PSAÀÇ ¹ßÇö°ú ¾Èµå·ÎÁ¨ ºñÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀÇ ¼ºÀå¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Âµ¥ ÀÌ·± Çö»óÀº
Á¤»ó ¹× Àü¸³¼±¾Ï »óÇǼ¼Æ÷°¡ in vivo¿¡¼­ DHT¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â °Í°ú À¯»çÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. º» ¿¬
±¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº LNCaP¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¹Ì¼¼Áß·Â À¯»çȯ°æ¿¡¼­ °ñ ¶Ç´Â Àü¸³¼±¼¶À¯¸ð¼¼Æ÷¿Í ¼¼Æ÷-¼¼Æ÷
»óÈ£ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ¿Í »ó±âÇÑ ¹è¾çÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­ À¯µµµÈ LNCaP ¾Æ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ°¡ ¸ð¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ
ÀÎ LNCaP°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ÀÌÁúÀûÀΠǥÇöÇüÁú°ú À¯ÀüÇüÁúÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀúÀÚµéÀº »ó±âÇÑ ¹è¾çÁ¶°Ç¿¡¼­ À¯µµµÈ LNCaP ¾Æ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¸¦ RWV ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ·Î ¸íĪÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Purpose : Three-dimensional(3-D) organization is critical for both the normal
development and, tumor growth and progression. Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions
determine normal prostate development and its subsequent neoplastic transformation. To
understand the epigenetic factors that lead to cell transformation, a 3-D human prostate
cell culture was established with prostate epithelial cells grown in a rotating-wall
vessel(RWV) under microgravity-simulated conditions with either alone or with prostate
or bone stromal cells. We tested the hypothesis of whether phenotypic and genotypic
alterations of LNCaP cells maybe achived when grown as 3-D organoids.
Materials and Methods : LNCaP cells were seeded in RWV alone and with either
human prostate or bone fibroblasts. After period of 2 months, RWV1, 2, and 3 cell lines
were established from the prostate organoids and were characterized.
Results : While LNCaP cells injected orthotopically failed to form tumors in castrated
mouse, RWV-derived cell lines formed PSA-producing tumors and metastasized to
lymph node, bone, lung and liver, which stained positively by PSA antibody. RWV cells
grew faster than parental LNCaP, especially in sex hormone-free conditions. Unlike
parental LNCaP cells which respond positively to androgen and estrogen-induced growth
and PSA expression, RWV cells are insensitive to sex steroid-induced growth, but
remain sensitive to androgen for induction of PSA expression. Comparative genomic
hybridization(CGH) results demonstrated that RWV cell lines have different chromosomal
gain and loss each other as compared to those of LNCaP.
Conclusions : Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of androgen-dependent and
non-metastatic LNCaP cultured alone or with either prostate or bone fibroblasts in 3-D
culture under microgravity-simulated conditions resulted in induction of
androgen-independent and metastatic LNCaP sublimes, RWV cell lines, meaning
androgen-independent progression. Phenotype and genotype of RWV cell lines are
definitely dissimilar to those of parental LNCaP 3-D culture of prostatic epithelial cells
under microgravity-simulated conditions could be novel approach to the study of normal
development and cancer of prostate as an ideal in vitro model and, will be further
exploited.

Å°¿öµå

Cell-cell interaction; 3-D culture; LNCaP; Androgen-independent progression;

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