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Abstract

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The brain intracranial compartment undergo a multiplicity physiologic and anatomical
changes which influences the type of head injury and response to such injury. especially
for age in whom development of skull and brain is still undertaking. Thus, special
attention to recoginize and manage these children from such injury seems mandatory.
Purpose of this study is to analyze the related causes for the head injury in this age
group with various clinical parameters influencing the outcome.
A total of 68 children less than two years of age who were admitted to our
institution after head trauma were included in this restrospective study. The causes of
head injury along with other clinical settings. such as type of pathologies. Pediatric
Glassgow Coma Scale(PGCS), age, operation, hypoxia, shock. seizure, anemia, abnormal
pupillary response. were reviewed and clinical outcome related with these parameters
were analysed.
The mean duration of admission period was 15 days and mean follow-up period was
29.4 months Most common mode of injury was stairway injury(32.3%),. followed by in
car accident(19.1%). with suspected child abuse being only 2.9%. Cerebral contusion was
the most frequent diagnosis being 43 cases(63.2%). followed by skull fracture in
31(45.6%). For the outcome related to various categories. 5 cases of death were due to
diffuse axonal injury or intracranial hemorrhage. but most simple linear fractures were
not associated with underlying brain injury. Among those required the operation(18
cases), subdural and/or epidural hematoma were most common pathology(50%) followed
by subdrual hygroma and depressed skull fracture. The outcome, however, was not
related to type of pathology. insead, it was rather closely related to the initial PGCS at
admission was found out to be the major predicting factor to outcome. in overall.
34/36(94.4%) cases with normal PGCS in these age groups showed good recovery with
deaths being 5/7(71.4%) cases of PGCS 5 at admission. The good recovery in this age
groups regardless of causes was 73.5% but the overall morality rate was 10.3%. TRhe
specific clinical parameters related to bad outcome were hypoxia, shock, anisocoria, and
bilateral abdnormal right reflexes. Parameters such as anemia. hypo-or hyperthemia,
hypotension, seizure did not directly influence the outcome. These results that initial
PGCS is the most important factor related to outcome and that although majority of this
subgroup of children show good recovery it should be pointed out that significant
portion of these children die of carious causes. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and
aggressive management to treat and prevent clinical situations related to bed outcome is
warranted.

Å°¿öµå

Pediatric head injury Pediatric Glasgow coma scale; Predicting factor; Prognosis;

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