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Kaolin À¯¹ß °í¾çÀÌ ¼öµÎÁõ ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼­ ¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸í ºÐ±¤»óÀÇ °æ½ÃÀû º¯È­ Sequential 1H MR Spectroscopy (MRS) Studies of Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalic Cat Brain

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±è¸íÁø/Myung Jin Kim Ȳ¼º±Ô/ȲÁ¤Çö/Àå¿ë¹Î/±è¿ë¼±/±è½Â·¡/Sung Kyoo Hwang/Jeong Hyun Hwan/Yongmin Chang/Yong Sun Kim/Seung Lae Kim

Abstract

¸ñÀû:
½ÇÇèÀûÀ¸·Î À¯¹ßµÈ °í¾çÀÌ ¼öµÎÁõ ¸ðµ¨À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸í ºÐ±¤»óÀÇ ¼öµÎÁõ¿¡¼­
ÀÇ ÀÓ»óÀû ÀûÀÀ°ú °æ½ÃÀû ³ú´ë»ç»ê¹°ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ±Ô¸íÇϴµ¥ ¸ñÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
´ë»ó°ú ¹æ¹ý:
30¸¶¸®ÀÇ °í¾çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ³ú´ëÁ¶³»¿¡ kaolinÀ» ÁÖÀÔÈÄ ¼öµÎÁõÀ» À¯¹ßÇÑÈÄ ¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸í
ºÐ±¤»óÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© kaolin ÁÖÀÔÀü, ÁÖÀÔÈÄ 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28ÀÏ°¿¡ ÁÖ¿ä ´ë»ç»ê¹°
ÀÎ N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), lactate (Lac)ÀÇ ºÐ±¤
»çÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
°á°ú:
30¸¶¸®ÀÇ °í¾çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¸ðµÎ ¼öµÎÁõÀÌ À¯¹ßµÇ¾ú°í, ±Þ¼º±â¿¡ NAA/Crºñ°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â ¼Ò°ß
º¸¿´À¸¸ç, 1¸¶¸®¿¡¼­ lactate peakÀÌ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸¸¼º±â (>14 days)±îÁö »ýÁ¸ÇÑ 4¸¶
¸®ÀÇ °í¾çÀÌ¿¡¼­ NAA/Crºñ°¡ Áõ°¡°¡ °üÂûµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â ÀÓ»óÀû Áõ»óÀÇ È¸º¹°ú »óÀÀÇÏ
´Â °á°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»¾ú´Ù.
°á·Ð:
Kaolin À¯¹ß ¼öµÎÁõ¸ðµ¨¿¡¼­ ¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸í ºÐ±¤»çÀº ±Þ¼º±âÀÇ Áø´ÜÀû Á¤º¸ÀÇ Á¦°ø°ú
¼öµÎÁõ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ³ú´ë»ç ¹× »ýÈ­ÇÐÀû °á°ú¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®°í, ±Þ¼º±â¿¡¼­ lactate p
eak¾øÀÌ NAA/CrºñÀÇ °¨¼Ò¿Í ¸¸¼º±âÀÇ NAA/CrºñÀÇ È¸º¹Àº ¼öµÎÁõÀ¸·ÎÀÎÇÑ ³ú½ÇÁúÀÇ ¼Õ
»óÀÌ ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ ÀÚüº¸´Ù´Â Ãà»ö¼Õ»óÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±Þ¼º±â¸»±îÁö ÃË NAA/Crºñ °¨¼Ò°¡ ȸ
º¹¾øÀÌ lactate peakÀÌ µ¿¹ÝµÇ´Â °æ¿ì´Â ºÒ·®ÇÑ ¿¹ÈÄÀÎÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù. ¸¸¼º±âÀÇ NAA/Crºñ
ÀÇ Á¤»óÈ­´Â NAA/CrºñÀÇ °¨¼Ò¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Â ³úÇÇÁúÀ§ÃàÀÇ °æ¿ì¿ÍÀÇ °¨º°Áø´Ü¿¡ ½Ç¸¶¸®¸¦
Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the sequential metabolic changes in experim
ental hydrocephalus and the clinical applicability to the diagnosis and prognosi
s of hydrocephalus using proton MR spectroscopy.
Methods:
Hydrocephalus was experimentally induced in 30 cats(2-3 §¸ body weight) by injec
ting 1 §¢ of sterile kaolin suspension (250 §·/§¢) into the cisterna magna. Prot
on MRS was performed with a 1.5 T MRI/MRS unit (Vision Plus, Siemens) at pre-tre
atment and at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the kaolin injection. PRESS (TR
/TE = 1500/270msec) technique was employed. The major metabolites which include
N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), and lactate (Lac) were q
uantitatively analyzed and the relative concentrations ratios were evaluated. Mu
lti-slice T2-weighted images were also obtained using fast spin echo
sequence (TR/TE=2500/96msec) to monitor the morphologic changes along with progr
ession of hydrocephalus.
Results:
Hydrocephalus was successfully induced in all 30 cats. Twenty five cats died wit
hin 3 days and one at the end of the second week. In all animals, the NAA/Cr rat
ios initially decreased during the acute stage. In 4 surviving cats, the NAA/Cr
ratios initially decreased during the acute stage(<14 days) and then gradually i
ncreased to the prekaolin level as follows : pre-kaolin (1.49¡¾0.04), day 1 (1.1
1¡¾0.07), day 7(1.17¡¾0.04), day 14(1.40¡¾0.03), day 21(1.46¡¾0.06), day 28(1.43
¡¾0.03). These levels were relatively well correlated with the symptomatologic i
mprovement. Lactate peak, which reflects the evidence of ischemia, did not appea
r throughout the entire period except in one case which expired at the end of th
e second week.
Conclusion:
The NAA/Cr ratio of the sequential proton MRS in kaolin-induced hydrocephalic ca
ts reflects a metabolic aspect of the hydrocephalus at each stage. A decreased N
AA level at the early stage is from both neuronal and axonal damage which may pr
ovide diagnostic information in the acute stage of hydrocephalus. In addition, t
he initial fall of NAA/Cr ratio and recovery in the late stage, when no lactate
peak emerges, may suggest that the main insult of the parenchyma is not to the n
euron itself but to the axon, which may be related to a good prognosis. However,
emergence of the lactate peak and unrecoverable NAA/Cr at the end of the acute
phase may be a poor prognostic factor. In the chronic stage, recovery of NAA/Cr
ratio may provide a diagnostic clue for the differentiation between hydrocephalu
s and cortical atrophy.

Å°¿öµå

½ÇÇèÀû ¼öµÎÁõ; ¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸í ºÐ±¤»ó; NAA/Crºñ; Experimental hydrocephalus; Proton MR spectroscopy; NAA/Cr ratio;

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