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Çѱ¹ÀÎ À¯¹æ¾ÏȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ p53 Á¾¾ç¾ïÁ¦ ÀÎÀÚÀÇ º¯ÀÌ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿¬±¸ A Study on the p53 Mutations in Korean Breast Cancer Tissues

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Abstract

¼­·Ð
¾Ç¼º Á¾¾çÀÇ ¹ß»ý ¹× ºÐÈ­ °úÁ¤¿¡ À¯ÀüÀû º¯È­°¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ
´Ù. ¾Ç¼º Á¾¾ç°ú °ü·ÃµÈ À¯ÀüÀû º¯È­´Â ¾ÏÀ¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ È°¼ºÈ­¿Í Á¾¾ç ¾ïÁ¦ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ºÒÈ°¼ºÈ­
°¡ °¡Àå ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÌ°í, 1980³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ ºÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±â¹ýÀÇ µµÀÔ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ ¾Ç¼º
Á¾¾çÀÇ À¯ÀüÀû º¯È­¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¿¬±¸µÇ¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ¸Á¸·¾Æ ¼¼Æ÷Á¾ À¯ÀüÀÚ(retinoblastoma gene,
Rb-l)´Â Á¾¾ç¾ïÁ¦ À¯ÀüÀÚÁß °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀ¸·Î¼­ KnudsonÀÇ "two hit theory"´Â Á¾
¾ç ¾ïÁ¦ À¯ÀüÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ï ¹ß»ýÀ» Àß ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù ±×ÈÄ p53, DCC, MCCµîÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀÌ
Á¾¾ç ¾ïÁ¦ À¯ÀüÀÚ·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³°í, ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â °¡Á·¼º À¯¹æ¾Ï ¹× ³­¼Ò¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â
BRCAI À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ »õ·ÎÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁß ¾Ç¼º Á¾¾ç¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ °üÂûµÇ´Â À¯ÀüÀû º¯
È­´Â p53 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ºÒÈ°¼ºÈ­ÀÌ´Ù. p53 À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ÇÙ³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ÀÎ ´Ü¹éÁú·Î¼­ ¹ß°ß ´ç½Ã
¿¡´Â Á¾¾ç Ç׿øÀ̳ª ¾Ï À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾À¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, ÀÌÁ¦´Â Á¾¾ç ¾ïÁ¦ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÓÀÌ ÀÎ
Á¤µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤»óÇüÀÇ P53 ´Ü¹éÁúÀº ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼ºÀå°ú ºÐ¿­À» ¾ïÁ¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ±â´ÉÀ» °®°í ÀÖ
À¸³ª, p53 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ °á½Ç ¶Ç´Â Á¡µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ(point mutation)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© º¯È­°¡ ÃÊ·¡µÇ¸é ¾ïÁ¦
Á¶Àý ±â´ÉÀÌ ¼Ò½ÇµÇ¾î ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀû Áõ½ÄÀ» ÃÊ·¡ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾Ç¼º Á¾¾ç¿¡¼­ °üÂûµÇ´Â p53
À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ Áß 98%´Â codon 110¡­307¿¡ ºÐÆ÷Çϴµ¥ ÀÌ ºÎÀ§´Â exon 5¡­8¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ
´Â ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ÁøÈ­ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ Á¾°£¿¡ Àß º¸ÀüµÈ ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù. À¯¹æ¾ÏÀº ¼­¾ç ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¾Ï
¹ß»ý·ü¿¡¼­ ¼öÀ§¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±¹³»ÀÇ ¿©¼º ¼ºÀξϿ¡¼­µµ ÀڱðæºÎ¾Ï, À§¾Ï¿¡ À̾î 3
À§¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ¿©¼º¾Ï Áß ÀüüÀÇ 11.9%Á¤µµ¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Á¾¾çÁ¶Á÷¿¡¼­ p53À¯Àü
ÀÚÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ Á¶»çÇÔÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý ¹× ÁøÇà °úÁ¤À» ÀÌÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿¹ÈÄ ÀÎÀڷμ­
ÀÇ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ŸÁøÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂµéÀÌ °æÁֵǾú´Ù. À¯¹æ¾Ï¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ p53 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ º¯
È­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª p53 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ º¯È­°¡ À¯¹æ¾Ï ¹ß»ýÀÇ ¾î¶² ´Ü
°è¿¡¼­ ÀÛ¿ëÇϴ°¡´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³í¶õÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±¹³»¿¡¼­´Â Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ À¯¹æ¾Ï¿¡¼­
p53 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ º¯È­°¡ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ Á¶»çµÈ¹Ù ¾ø°í, ¼­¾çÀΰú Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÇ À¯ÀüÀû ¹× ȯ°æÀû
¹è°æÀÌ Å©°Ô ´Ù¸£¹Ç·Î Çѱ¹Àο¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÑ À¯¹æ¾ÏÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î p53 À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ Á¶»çÇÒ
Çʿ伺ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.

Purpose : The role of mutation of p53 gene on the carcinigenesis was studied since
1991. There were some relationships of p53 mutation and clinicopathologic factors. This
study was designed for the clinicopathologic and genetic factor relation in Korean breast
cancer.
Materials & Method : A retrospective study on the clinicopathologic findings such as
age, menopausal status, TNM stage, histologic grade, estrogen receptor, DNA ploidy and
S-phase fraction was carried out on 47 breast cancer tissues which had been rejected at
the Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital. Forty-seven tissues were
grouped into 3 groups. Group 1 was ductal carcinoma in situ, Group 2 was invasive
ductal carcinoma without axillary lymph node metastasis and Group 3 was invasive
ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis. The numbers of tissues in each
groups were 14, 15 and 18, respectively. Mutation screening on the p53 tumor
suppressor gene was also performed with PCR-SSCP-direct sequencing method from the
genomic DNA extracted from formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded pathologic tissue
blocks. The results were as followings;
Result : p53 mutations were detected in 12 cases(25.5%) of 47. In Group 1, 4
cases(28.6%) had mutations, and in Group 2, 5 cases(33.3%), and in Group3, 3
cases(16.7%). There was no significant differences in mutation rate between three
groups. In 12 mutations detected, 6 cases were transition, 5 of which were missense
mutation in coding sequences, and one of which was splicing mutation at acceptor site.
One case was transversion and five cases were deletions or insertions of various
lengths resulting in frameshift mutation. There was no statistically significant difference
between groups and clinicopathologic factors except the strong relationship between the
negative estrogen receptor and P53 mutation(P<0.001).
Conclusions : From the above findings, p53 gene could be considered to be inactivated
at the all stage of multistep carcinogenesis processes. The nature of mutations and
genetic background of Korean breast cancers may be somewhat different from those of
Caucasians. And the p53 mutation status may be used as one of the useful prognostic
factors in addition to the estrogen receptor status

Å°¿öµå

p53 mutation; Prognostic factor; Breast cancer;

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