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A Phase ¥± Trial of Verapamil for Reversal of Drug Resistance in Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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KMID : 0360319990310020313
Abstract
¼·Ð
¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¼ºÀº ¾ÏÄ¡·á¿¡ ÀÖ¾î °¡Àå Å« Àå¾Ö¿ä¼Ò Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. In vitro
¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¸¹Àº ³»¼º±âÀüÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ±× Áß¿¡¼µµ ƯÈ÷ ÀÛ¿ë±âÀü ¹× ±¸Á¶°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¿©
·¯ Ç×¾ÏÁ¦¿¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ³»¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ´Ù¾àÁ¦³»¼º(Multidrug resistance: MDR)Àº ½ÇÁ¦ ÀÓ»ó
¿¡¼ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â º¹ÇÕÈÇпä¹ýÀÇ ½ÇÆи¦ ÇѲ¨¹ø¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾î °ü½ÉÀÌ ÁýÁߵǰí ÀÖ
´Ù. ´Ù¾àÁ¦³»¼ºÀÇ ±âÀü Áß¿¡¼ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¸·¿¡ P-´ç´Ü¹éÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î ÃÊ·¡µÇ´Â ³»
¼º±âÀüÀº ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¾àÁ¦³»¼ºÀÇ ±âÀüÀ¸·Î, ¾Ç¼º ¸²ÇÁÁ¾¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸¹Àº Ç×¾ÏÁ¦, Áï
doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide µîÀÌ ÀÌ P-´ç´Ü¹éÀÇ ±âÁú(substrate)ÀÌ µÇ¸ç, ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸
ÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÌ P-´ç´Ü¹éÀÇ °ú¹ßÇö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾àÁ¦³»¼ºÀÌ ºñÈ£ÁîŲ ¸²ÇÁÁ¾¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÓ»óÀûÀ¸·Î
Áß¿äÇÑ ³»¼º±âÀüÀÓÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑÆí, verapamilÀº calcium channel blocker·Î½á in vitro
¹× in vivo½ÇÇè¿¡¼ P-´ç´Ü¹é¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ´Ù¾àÁ¦³»¼ºÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 1991
³â MillerµîÀº Ç×¾ÏÈÇпä¹ý¿¡ ºÒÀÀÇÏ´Â ¾Ç¼º¸²ÇÁÁ¾ ȯÀÚ Áß ÀϺο¡¼´Â VerapamilÀÇ Åõ¿©
·Î ¾àÁ¦³»¼ºÀÌ ±Øº¹µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» º¸°íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ º» ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ºñÈ£ÁîŲ ¸²ÇÁÁ¾À¸·Î Áø
´Ü¹Þ°í, °ú°Å ¿©·¯ ¹øÀÇ ÈÇпä¹ýÀÇ Àü·ÂÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, EPOCH º¹ÇÕÈÇпä¹ý¿¡ ºÒÀÀÇϴ ȯÀÚ
¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î, µ¿ÀÏÇÑ EPOCH º¹ÇÕÈÇпä¹ý¿¡ verapamilÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ³»¼º±Øº¹È¿°ú ¹× ºÎÀÛ
¿ëÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Purpose : Drug resistance is one of the major obstacles to treatment of cancer.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by overexpression of p-glycoprotein (Pgp) in cancer
cell membrane is a well-blown mechanism of drug resistance in in vitro system and
was reported to be a significant mechanism of resistance in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
(NHL). Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, is proven in vitro to overcome the MDR
caused by Pgp. We performed a phase ¥± trial of verapamil in patients with NHL
refractory to EPOCH regimen (etoposide, prednisolone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and
doxorubicin) to overcome the MDR caused by Pgp.
Materials and Method : Verapamil was administered via intravenous route from 1 hour
before to 12 hour after the 96-hour infusion of etoposide, doxorubicin, and vincristine
which were known to be substrates of Pgp in EPOCH regimen. The dose of verapamil
was 0.15 §·/Kg in bolus and 0.2 §·/Kg/hr in infusion at the beginning and escalated by
0.05 §·/Kg/hr every 24 hours if there was no dose-limiting toxicities such as 2nd or 3rd
degree AV block, hypotension, or congestive heart failure. Plasma verapamil
concentrations were measured every 24 hour by gas chromatography. Mdr1 expression
level in tumor tissues was measured by RT-PCR.
Results : From Feb. to Nov. 1994, 14 patients were treated with this protocol.
However, poor tolerability and no response in these patients led to early closure of the
study at this 1st stage of patient accrual according to Gehan's method. Among 14
patients, 12 experienced 2nd or 3rd degree AV block and/or hypotension and required
temporary cessation of infusion and reduction of verapamil dose. However, there was no
congestive heart failure or treatment-related death. The peak concentrations of verapamil
were 0.29¡1.94 ¥ìM (mean 0.93 ¥ìM) and mean concentrations during the 4-day
infusion were 0.22¡1.21 ¥ìM (mean 0.6 ¥ìM). Mdr1 expression levels measured in 6
patients were 0.99¡14.43 U (median 4.39).
Conclusion : These results suggest that verapamil in this dose and schedule was
neither tolerable nor effective for the reversal of drug resistance in NHL patients.
Å°¿öµå
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Resistance; Verapamil; P-glycoprotein;
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