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¸²ÇÁ±¸¿Í Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ È¥ÇÕ¹è¾ç½Ã IL-2¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Nitric Oxide »ý¼º IL-2 Induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Tumor Cells in Cocultures of Lymphocytes and Tumor Cells

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Abstract

¼­·Ð
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)´Â È°¼ºÈ­µÈ T ¸²ÇÁ±¸¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î »ý»êµÇ´Â cytokineÀ¸·Î ¸²ÇÁ±¸¸¦ È°
¼ºÈ­½ÃÄÑ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»µµ·Ï À¯µµÇÏ°í, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF), interferon-gamma (IFN¥ã ), interleukin-1 (IL-1) ¹× interleukin-6 (IL-6) µîÀ» Æ÷
ÇÔÇÏ´Â cytokine¸ÁÀ» À¯µµÇÏ¿© Ç×Á¾¾çÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
IL-2¿¡ ÀÇÇØ È°¼ºÈ­µÈ ¸²ÇÁ±¸°¡ Ç×Á¾¾çÈ¿°ú¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â ±âÀüÀº Å©°Ô 2°¡Áö·Î ºÐ·ùÇÒ ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¸²ÇÁ±¸¿Í Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷°¡ ¼­·Î ºÎÂøÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ granule exocytosis³ª Fas receptor¸¦
ÅëÇؼ­ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷¸¦ »ìÇØÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â ¸²ÇÁ±¸¿Í Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷°£ÀÇ Á÷Á¢Á¢ÃËÀÌ ¾øÀÌ
µµ ¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Â cytokineµéÀ» ºÐºñÇÏ¿© Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç±îÁöÀÇ ¿¬±¸
´Â ¸²ÇÁ±¸¿Í Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷°¡ Á÷Á¢ Á¢ÃËÇÒ °æ¿ìÀÇ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷ »ìÇرâÀü¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­¸¸ ÁÖµÈ ¿¬±¸°¡ µÇ
¾î¿Ô°í Á÷Á¢ Á¢ÃË¿¡ ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ±âÀü¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¿¬±¸°¡ ¸Å¿ì ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷ »ì
ÇرâÀüÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾È¿°ú ¹°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù.
Nitric oxide (NO)´Â ¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±â´ÉÀ» °®´Â paramagnetic
lipid-soluble gas·Î ´ë½Ä¼¼Æ÷, Ç÷°ü³»ÇǼ¼Æ÷, Áß¼º±¸, °£¼¼Æ÷, ³ú¼¼Æ÷ ¹× ÀϺΠ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ µî¿¡¼­
»ý»êµÈ´Ù. NO´Â nitric oxide synthase(NOS)¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© L-arginineÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÇÕ¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥
NOS´Â Å©°Ô µÎ Á¾·ù·Î ´ëº°µÈ´Ù. ÇÑ Á¾·ù´Â Ä®½·°ú calmodulin¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÎ constitutiveÇü
cNOS)ÀÌ°í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ Á¾·ù´Â Ä®½·À̳ª calmodulin¿¡ ºñÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̸ç cytokineµé(IFN¥ã/TNF
³ª IFN¥ã/IL-1)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ßÇöÀÌ À¯µµµÇ´Â inducibleÇü(iNOS)ÀÌ´Ù. cNOS¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ NO »ý¼ºÀÇ
Ư¡Àº ¼Ò·®ÀÇ NO¸¦ ªÀº ½Ã°£µ¿¾È ºÐºñÇϸç À̶§ ºÐºñµÈ NO´Â guanylate cyclaseÀÇ
heme±º¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î guanylate cyclase¸¦ È°¼º½ÃŲ´Ù. À̸¦ ÅëÇØ cyclic GMP°¡ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î ¼¼
Æ÷°£ ȤÀº ¼¼Æ÷³» ½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ ¹× Ç×»ó¼º À¯Áö¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÑÆí iNOS´Â ¼¼Æ÷°¡ cytokine µî¿¡
ÀÇÇØ ÀûÀýÈ÷ È°¼ºÈ­µÇ¾î¾ß¸¸ NO¸¦ »ý¼ºÄÉ µÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§ÀÇ NO´Â ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÌ »ó´ç±â°£ µ¿¾È
¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ NO°¡ »ý¼ºµÈ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â guanylate cyclaseÀÇ È°¼ºÀÌ ÀϾ°í
µ¿½Ã¿¡ ºñƯÀÌÀû ¼¼Æ÷µ¶¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»°Ô µÈ´Ù.
IL-2¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸²ÇÁ±¸°¡ ÀÚ±ØµÉ °æ¿ì IFN¥ã, TNF ¹× IL-1 µîÀÇ cytokineÀÌ »ý»êµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸
·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ°í, ÀÌ cytokineµéÀº ´ë½Ä¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ iNOS¸¦ À¯µµÇÏ¿© NO»ý¼ºÀ» ¾ß±âÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë
·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. HibbsµîÀº IL-2 Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹Þ´Â ½Å¼¼Æ÷¾Ï ¹× ¾Ç¼ºÈæ»öÁ¾ ȯÀÚÀÇ Ç÷û ¹× ¼Òº¯¿¡
NOÀÇ ´ë»ç»ê¹°ÀÎ nitrateÀÇ Áõ°¡¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °á°ú´Â IL-2°¡ »ýü³»¿¡¼­µµ
iNOS¸¦ ¹ßÇö½ÃÄÑ NOÇÕ¼ºÀ» À¯µµÇÔÀ» °­·ÂÈ÷ ½Ã»çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª IL-2 Ä¡·á½Ã Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷
¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¾î´À Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ NO»ý¼ºÀÌ À¯¹ßµÇ´ÂÁö´Â È®ÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ NO°¡ IL-2 Ä¡
·á½Ã ¾î¶² ±â´ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â°¡µµ È®ÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ À̶§ÀÇ NO»ý¼º Áõ°¡±âÀüµµ ¹àÇôÁö
Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ¸²ÇÁ±¸¿Í Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷°£ÀÇ Á÷Á¢Á¢ÃËÀÌ ¾øÀÌ IL-2 È°¼º ¸²ÇÁ±¸¿¡
¼­ »ý¼ºµÈ cytokineµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¾¾ç¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ NO°¡ »ý¼ºµÊÀ» °üÂûÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌÀÇ Á¾¾ç¾ïÁ¦È¿°ú
¸¦ °üÂûÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Purpose : Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been known to be induced during
interleukin-2(IL-2) therapy. The present study was designed to elucidate mechanisms
and roles of IL-2-induced NO synthesis in tumor cells.
Materials and Methods : Mechanisms of IL-2-induced NO synthesis were evaluated
using in vitro culture systems of BALB/c mouse splenic lymphocytes and Meth-A
tumor cells. Effects of IL-2-induced NO synthesis by Meth-A tumor cells on the tumor
cell proliferation were also evaluated using an NO synthase inhibitor,
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (MLA).
Results : Cultures of both lymphocytes alone and Meth-A tumor cells alone did not
produce any significant amounts of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO during IL-2
stimulation. In contrast, cocultures of lymphocytes and Meth-A tumor cells produced a
large amount of nitrite during IL-2 stimulation. Addition of culture supernatants of
lymphocytes incubated with IL-2 induced nitrite production in Meth-A tumor cell
cultures. However, addition of culture supernatants of Meth-A tumor cells incubated
with IL-2 did not induce nitrite production in lymphocyte cultures. Nitrite accumulation
was markedly inhibited by addition of anti-interferon- y antibody, confirming the role of
the cytokine in mediating tumor cell NO synthesis. MLA inhibited nitrite production by
Meth-A tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of culture supernatants
of lymphocytes incubated with IL-2 Meth-A tumor cell nitrite production in the
presence of increasing concentrations of MLA correlated inversely with tumor cell
proliferation.
Conclusion : NO synthesis can be induced by tumor cells by the secondarily released
cytokines from lymphocytes during IL-2 stimulation. Autologous NO synthesized by
tumor cells during IL-2 stimulation inhibits proliferation of tumor cells themselves.

Å°¿öµå

IL-2; Nitric oxide; Tumor; Lymphocyte; Arginine;

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