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Bcl-2 ¹ßÇö ¾ïÁ¦¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷»ç À¯µµ Induction of Apoptosis of Cancer Cells by Inhibition of Bcl-2 Expression

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Abstract

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Apoptosis (programmed ceil death: PCD)¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â Bcl-2 À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â B ¼¼Æ÷ ¹éÇ÷º´°ú
¿©Æ÷Çü ¸²ÇÁÁ¾¿¡µµ ÀÚÁÖ º¸ÀÌ´Â t(14;18) ¿°»öü ÀüÁ¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´ø Áß ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. Bcl-2 À¯
ÀüÀÚ´Â ¿°»öü 18q21ÀÇ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ À§Ä¡¿¡¼­ immunoglobulin heavy chainÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀÎ 14q32·Î
ÀüÁµǸç, ÀÌ ¿µ¿ª¿¡¼­´Â immunoglobulin heavy chain ³»ÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ Àü»çÀÎÀÚÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î
Bcl-2ÀÇ °úÀ×¹ßÇöÀÌ ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ¿©Æ÷Çü ¸²ÇÁÁ¾ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ Bcl-2´Â ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ °ü·ÃÀ»
°®´Â ¹ß¾Ï¼º ´Ü¹éÁú(oncogenic protein)·Î ÀνĵǾú°í, Bcl-2ÀÇ apoptosis¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ±â´É¿¡
´ëÇÑ »ýÈ­ÇÐÀûÀÎ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇàÇÏ¿©Á® ¿Ô´Ù.
Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ Bcl-2ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀº ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, ÀÌ´Â Á¶Á÷, Á¶Á÷³»ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Á¾·ù ¹×
¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ºÐÈ­°úÁ¤¿¡ µû¶ó ¹ßÇö·®ÀÌ ´Ù¸£°Ô º¯È­ÇÑ´Ù. »óÇÇ°£¼¼Æ÷³ª long lived lymphocytes
¿¡¼­´Â Bcl-2ÀÇ ¹ßÇö·®ÀÌ ³ô°í, ÀÌµé ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ºÐÈ­ ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¹ßÇö·®ÀÌ ÁÙ¾îµé¾î Bcl-2°¡ Á¤»ó
Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ apoptosis¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Çؼ®µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, °¢Á¾ ¾Ï Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­´Â Bcl-2ÀÇ ÀÌ»ó
ȤÀº °úÀ× ¹ßÇöÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Âµ¥ colorectal cancerÀÇ 90%, À§¾ÏÀÇ 60%, Àü¸³¼±¾ÏÀÇ 50%,
non-small cell lung cancerÀÇ 20%, ½Å°æ¸ð¼¼Æ÷Á¾ÀÇ 30%, Èæ»öÁ¾°ú ±Þ,¸¸¼º ¹éÇ÷º´¿¡¼­
90% ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁÖ ³ôÀº ¹ßÇöÀ» ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î, Bcl-2°¡ ÀÌµé ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë
·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Õ¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ¾Ï Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ Bcl-2´Â ÀüÁÂ¿Í °°Àº À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ±¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ º¯È­°¡ ¾Æ
´Ï¸ç, Bcl-2ÀÇ ¹ßÇö¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â cis- ¿Í trans-acting factorÀÇ º¯È­¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Bcl-2ÀÇ cia-acting factor·Î´Â v-rel, myb°ú fusion proteinÀ¸·Î E2A-PBX1, AMLl/ETO µî
À» ¿¹·Î µé ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̵éÀº ¸ðµÎ ¹ß¾Ï¼º ´Ü¹éÁú·Î¼­ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ÇüÁúÀüȯ¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù.
Bcl-2 ´Ü¹éÁúÀº homologue domainÀÌ ¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â BH1, BH2, BH3, BH4¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ
À¸¸ç, ÀÌ·± homologue domainÀÇ ¿°±â¼­¿­À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú±ºÀ» Bcl-2 family¶ó°í
ÇÑ´Ù. Bcl-2ÀÇ °ü·Ã ´Ü¹éÁúÀº ¼¼Æ÷¿Í Á¶Á÷¿¡¼­ apoptosis¸¦ Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Æ¯Â¡À̸ç, Bcl-2
ó·³ apoptosis¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú·Î´Â Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Bfl-1, Brag-1, Mcl-1
µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ý¸é apoptosis¸¦ À¯µµÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú·Î´Â Bax, Bak, Bcl-Xs, Bad,
Bid, Bik, Hrk µîÀÌ º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼¼Æ÷³»ÀÇ Bcl-2ÀÇ Á¸Àç ºÎÀ§´Â »ç¸³Ã¼ ¿Ü¸·, ÇÙ¸·°ú ³»
ÇüÁú¼¼¸Á¸·¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϸç transmembrane (TM) ºÎÀ§°¡ ¸·¿¡ »ðÀԵǴ ºÎºÐÀÌ ´Ù. Bcl-2 ÀÛ¿ë
±âÀüÀº BH4 domain¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â ´Ü¹éÁú°ú °áÇÕ ´Ü¹éÁú¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ variable regionÀÇ ÀλêÈ­¿¡
ÀÇÇؼ­ Á¦¾îµÇ¸ç, ÀÌÀÇ ÀλêÈ­´Â ´Ù¸¥ Bcl-2 related proteinÀÇ BH3 domain¿¡ °áÇÕÀ» À¯µµ
ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. Apoptosis¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â Bcl-2 ±ºÀº BH4¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Æ¯Â¡À̸ç, apoptosisÀÇ
ÁøÇà °úÁ¤¿¡ È°¼ºÈ­µÇ´Â Ced 4 È¿¼Ò´Â BH4 domain¿¡ °áÇյǾî À¯¸®°¡ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î
apoptosis¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇϰԵȴÙ.
Bcl-2°¡ °úÀ× ¹ßÇöµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­´Â Á¾¾ç¾ïÁ¦À¯ÀüÀÚÀÎ p53ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ ÀúÇϵǰí, Àü
üÀÇ Àý¹Ý¿¡¼­ p53 ±â´ÉÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¾Æ p53ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀº Bcl-2ÀÇ ±â´É°ú °ü·Ã
ÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÇèÀûÀ¸·Î p53ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀ» ȸº¹½ÃÅ°¸é Bcl-2ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀÌ ÀúÇÏ
µÇ°í, À̾ apoptosis°¡ ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. p53Àº Á÷Á¢ ȤÀº °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Bcl-2ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹ßÇö¿¡ °ü
·ÃÇϸç, ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ý¿¡ À־ p53ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÇ ÀúÇÏ´Â Bcl-2ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» À¯µµÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î ¾ÏÀÌ ÁøÇà
ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Ewing family tumor´Â ÁÖ·Î ¼Ò¾Æ¿¡¼­ ¹ßº´ÇÏ´Â »À¿Í ¿¬ºÎ Á¶Á÷ °èÀÇ ¾Ç¼º Á¾¾çÀ¸·Î
Ewing À°Á¾°ú PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor)°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Ewing family tumorÀÇ ¾à
80%¿¡¼­ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ÀüÁ°¡ º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¿°»öü 11¹ø¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ Fli-1 À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í ¿°»öü
22¹ø¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ EWS À¯ÀüÀÚ¿ÍÀÇ À¶ÇմܹéÀÌ Àüü À¯ÀüÀÚ ÀüÁÂÀÇ 90%¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. Fli-1Àº
ETS familyÀÇ Àü»çÀÎÀÚ¿¡ ¼ÓÇϸç, EWSÀ¯ÀüÀÚ´Â Àß ¹àÇôÁ® ÀÖÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ RNA °áÇÕ ºÎºÐ
À» °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ À¶ÇմܹéÁúÀÎ EWS-Fli-1[t(11;22)]Àº ¾Æ¹Ì³ë ¸»´Ü¿¡ EWS À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í Ä«¸£
º¹½Ç ¸»´Ü¿¡ Fli-1 À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ À¶ÇյǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Á¤»ó¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ ÇüÁúÀüȯÀ» ÇÏ´Â dominant
oncogeneÀÌ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Ewing À°Á¾Àº Áø´Ü °¡´É ½Ã¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹Ì¼¼ÀüÀÌ°¡ ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ¹æ»ç¼±
Ä¡·á³ª ±¹¼Ò¼ö¼ú µîÀÇ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ Ä¡·á¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í 10% ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¿ÏÄ¡À²À» º¸ÀÌ´Â ¾Ç¼º Á¾¾ç
¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ±Ù¿¡´Â Ç÷¾×³» ÀÜÁ¸ ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷·ÎºÎÅÍ À¶Çմܹ鿡 ´ëÇÑ RT-PCRÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Á¶±âÁø
´ÜÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ¿© Á³´Ù. ETS oncogeneÀº 1997³â E26 avian erythroblastosis virus¿¡¼­ myb°ú
À¶ÇÕ ¹ßÇöµÊÀÌ ÃÖÃÊ·Î º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. Ewing À°Á¾¿¡¼­ À¶ÇÕ ¹ßÇöµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Fli-1 À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â 85
°³ÀÇ Àß º¸°üµÈ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀ» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ ETS familyÀÇ Àü»çÁ¶ÀýÀÎÀÚÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸ç, ÀÌ ÀÎÀÚ°¡ °á
ÇÕÇÏ´Â DNAÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀº purineÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¿¬°áµÈ GGAA/TÀÌ´Ù. RNA °áÇÕ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÎ EWS À¯
ÀüÀÚ¿Í Fli-1°úÀÇ À¶ÇÕÀº Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ETS domainÀÇ Àü»çÁ¶ÀýÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ Àü»çÁ¶ÀýÀÌ
ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ¹ß¾ÏÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ç·áµÈ´Ù. Ewing À°Á¾ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ À¶Çմܹé EWS-Fli-1ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ»
¾ïÁ¦½ÃÅ°¸é apoptosis°¡ À¯µµµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â À¶ÇմܹéÁúÀÌ apoptosisÀÇ Á¦¾î¿¡ °ü·ÃÀ» °®´Â ´Ü¹é
Áú·Î¼­ Á÷Á¢ ȤÀº °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Àü»ç¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ÇöÀç±îÁö´Â À¶Çմܹé°ú
apoptosis¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÏ´Â Bcl-2 family¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬±¸º¸°í´Â ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ Ewing À°Á¾¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Bcl-2
ÀÇ °úÀ×¹ßÇö µî¿¡ °üÇÑ º¸°í´Â ¾ø´Ù.
º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â EWS-Fli-1ÀÇ À¶ÇմܹéÁúÀÌ ¹ßÇöµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â Ewing À°Á¾ ¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ(TC135)¿¡
¼­ Bcl-2ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ°í, ÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ Bcl-2ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» ¾ïÁ¦½ÃŲ ÈÄ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ
apoptosis¸¦ °ËÅäÇÏ¿©, ³­Ä¡ÀÇ ¾ÏÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Ewing À°Á¾ÀÇ ºÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀÎ Ä¡·áÀÇ °¡´É¼º
À» ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
#ÃÊ·Ï#
Purpose : High levels and aberrant patterns of Bcl-2 gene expression have been
reported in a variety of human cancers, including prostate, colorectal, lung and gastric
cancers, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and both acute and chronic leukemia.
The Ewing's sarcoma is a common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents.
Nearly all Ewing's sarcomas have a t(11;22) chromosomal translocations which involves
EWS gene and Fli-1 of ETS family transcription factors. The patterns of Bcl-2 gene
expression in Ewing's sarcoma is less well known. The inhibition of Bcl-2 gene
expression leads to increase a apoptosis in several cancer cells. This study was
undertaken to characterize the patterns of Bcl-2 gene expression in Ewing's sarcoma
cell (TC135) expressing fusion protein, EWS-Fli-1, and to induce the apoptosis of
Ewing's sarcoma cell by targeting Bcl-2 gene expression using antisense strategy.
Materials and Methods : We used two types of antisense EWS-Fli-1 and Bcl-2
expression vectors. These vectors were transfected to TC135 cells by calcium phosphate
method, and transformed cells were selected using G418. The transformed cells were
stimulated with apoptosis-inducing reagents, and changes of Bcl-2 expression were
analyzed by Western and Northern blot analyses. To confirm the increased apoptosis,
we checked DNA fragmentation, cell viability assay by MTT and ICE (interleukin
converting enzyme) activity.
Results : The TC135 cells transfected with antisense EWS-Fli-1 expression vector
showed negatively regulated Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression, but those transfected
with control vector (pcDNA3) revealed no change of Bcl-2 gene expression. These
results strong1y suggested that the EWS-Fli-1 fusion protein directly regulate Bcl-2
gene expression on the Bcl-2 gene promotor region. And the TC135 cells transfected
with antisense Bcl-2 expression vector showed increased apoptosis. These results
suggested that the apoptosis pathway of Ewing's sarcoma is regulated by EWS-Fli-1
fusion protein and following Bcl-2 gene. Finally, TC135 cells transfected with antisense
Bcl-2 expression vector did not form colonies in soft agar, which may infer the loss of
tumorigenicity
Conclusion : The targeting of Bcl-2 gene in the TC135 cells using antisense strategy
lead to an increased apoptosis in Ewing's sarcoma cells. This approach can be
considered as an efficient candidate strategy of cancer gene therapy.

Å°¿öµå

Bcl-2; Fusion protein; Ewing's sarcoma; Apoptosis; Antisense;

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