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¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸íºÐ±¤¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¾ÆÆ÷Åä½Ã½ºÀÇ ºÐ¼® In Vitro Analysis of Apoptotic Cell Death Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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½Åµ¿°Ç/Dong Gun Shin ±è»ó°æ/±èÁ¾±â/Sang Kyung Kim/Jong Ki Kim

Abstract

¼­·Ð
Á¤»óÀûÀÎ ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÌ ºñ´ëĪÀû ±¸Á¶¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â µ¥¿¡´Â ¸¹Àº ¹°¸®Àû, È­ÇÐÀûÀÎ Áõ°Å°¡
ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ƯÈ÷ ÀÎÁöÁúÀÇ ºÐÆ÷´Â »ó´çÇÑ ºñ´ëĪ¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀûÇ÷±¸ÀÇ °üÂû¿¡¼­ Æ÷½ºÆÄ
ƼµôÄݸ°(phosphatidylcholine)°ú ½ºÇΰí¹Ì¿¤¸°(sphingoinyelin)Àº ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡ ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ
°í ÀÖ°í Æ÷½ºÆÄƼµô¿¡Åº¿Ã¶ó¹Î(phosphatidylethanolamine)Àº ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡ ÁÖ·Î ºÐÆ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç
À½ÀüÇÏÀÇ ÀÎÁöÁúÀÎ Æ÷½ºÆÄƼµô¼¼¸°(phosphatidylserine, PS)Àº ¼¼Æ÷¸· ¾ÈÂÊ¿¡ ±¹ÇѵǾî ÀÖÀ½
ÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ¾ÆÆ÷Åä½Ã½º°¡ ¿î¹ßµÈ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­´Â Ãʱ⿡ ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ µ¿¹ÝÇϸç, Áï ¼¼Æ÷¸·
Á¡µµÀÇ °¨¼Ò, À¯µ¿¼ºÀÇ Áõ°¡, ¸·ÀÎÁöÁúÀÇ ºñ´ëĪ¼º ¼Ò½Ç·Î Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÁöÁú ÀÌÁ߸·ÀÇ ³»ºÎ¸·
¿¡ Á¦ÇѵǾî Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â Æ÷½ºÆÄƼµô¼¼¸°ÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷Ç¥¸éÀ¸·Î ³ëÃâµÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ ÁöÁú ±¸¼ºÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °Ë»ç ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃÖ±Ù Ç×ÀÀ°íÁ¦·Î ¹ß°ßµÈ
Annexin V´Â À½ÀüÇϸ¦ ¶è ÀÎÁöÁú ƯÈ÷ PS¿¡ ¼±ÅÃÀûÀ¸·Î °áÇÕÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ¾ÆÆ÷Åä½Ã½º
°¡ À¯¹ßµÈ ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Á¶±â Ç¥½ÄÀÚ·Î ±× ÀÌ¿ëÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ°íÀÖ´Ù.
¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸íºÐ±¤¹ý(Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,
1H-NMR spectroscopy)Àº °¢°¢ÀÇ ¾ç¼ºÀÚµéÀÌ ¾î¶² ºÐÀÚ¿¡ °áÇÕÇϴ°¡¿¡ µû
¶ó ÁÖº¯ÀÇ È­ÇÐÀû ÀÚ±âÀû ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ °ø¸íÁÖÆļö(resonant frequency)°¡ º¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â È­ÇÐ
Àû À̵¿(chemical shift) Çö»óÀ» ±× ¿ø¸®·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÚ±â°ø¸íÁÖÆļöµéÀÇ ¹Ì¼¼ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ·Î
¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ºÐ¼® È­ÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î °¢°¢ÀÇ ¿ø¼Ò¼ººÐÀ» ±¸º°ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í ºÐÀÚ±¸Á¶¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î in vivo ȤÀº in vitro¿¡¼­ Á¶Á÷³»ÀÇ ´ë»ç¹°(metabolite)ÀÇ º¯È­¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ½ÅÈ£ °ËÃâÀ» À§Çؼ­´Â ÀûÁ¤ÇÑ ºÐÀÚ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϹǷΠ¾ÆÆ÷Åä½Ã½º°¡ À¯¹ßµÈ ¼¼Æ÷¿Í °°
ÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ ÁöÁú ±¸¼ºÀÇ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÇÑ ¼¼Æ÷¸·ÀÇ À¯µ¿¼ºÀÌ Áõ°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì ÁöÁúÀÇ º¯È­
¸¦ È®ÀÎÇϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ¿¡ ÀúÀÚµéÀº ¾Ï¼¼Æ÷ÁÖ¿¡¼­ ¾ÆÆ÷Åä½Ã½º¸¦ À¯¹ßÇÏ¿© Ãʱ⠼¼Æ÷¸· º¯È­¸¦ ¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸íºÐ
±¤¹ý»óÀÇ ÁöÁú ½ºÆÑÆ®·³ÀÇ º¯È­·Î ÀÎÁöÇÏ°í, Áï apoptotic signalÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¾ÆÆ÷Åä
½Ã½º °Ë»ç ¹æ¹ýÀÎ ¾Æ°¡·Î½º °Ö Àü±â¿µµ¿À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ DNA ºÐÀý °Ë»ç¹ý, À¯¼Ó ¼¼Æ÷ ºÐ¼®±â¸¦
ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ Çü±¤ÀÌÁß ¿°»ö¹ý(annexin V and propidium iodide)ÀÇ °á°ú¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÆ÷Åä½Ã½º
ºÐ¼® ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î¼­ ¾çÀÚ ÀÚ±â°ø¸íºÐ±¤¹ýÀÇ À¯¿ë¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

Purposes : Cells undergoing apoptosis display profound morphologic and biochemical
changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry,
resulting in the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) at the surface of the cell, membrane
blebbing, and decreased membrane microviscosity. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (1H NMR spectroscopy) is able to detect the mobile fraction
of lipids contained in the cell, and thus is sensitive to membrane fluidity modifications
related to lipid composition changes. We have used 1H NMR spectroscopy
in HL-60 cell line to detect and characterize the changes in plasma membrane lipid
associated with apoptotic cell death.
Materials and Methods : We performed amlexin-FITC and propidium iodide dual
fluorescence flow cytometry, DNA gel electrophoresis, and obtained 200 §Ö
1H NMR spectra of the HL-60 cell cultures before and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36
and 48 hours after the addition of doxorubicin (100 ng/mL).
Results : The onset of apoptosis is accompanied by a greater than four fold increase
in signal intensity ratio of the membrane lipid methylene (-CH2) resonance (at 1.2 ppm)
to the methyl (-CH3) resonance (at 0.9 ppm). The quantitative relationship between %
apoptosis and the 1H NMR signal intensity was determined by
fluorescein-annexin ¥´ flow cytometry, and showed that increases in the CH2/CH3
resonance signal intensity ratio paralleled the surface expression of PS as an early
marker of apoptosis (¥ã2=0.80, N=18 samples). The gradual decrease in the
ratio of choline resonance (at 3.2 ppm) to CH3 signal intensity after 12 hours in the
time course experiment is directly proportional to the percentage of apoptotic cells (¥ã
2=0.96, N=18 samples).
Conclusions : Monitoring of the CH2 and choline resonance signal intensity may
therefore be useful in detecting apoptosis. Further studies using various stimuli to
induce apoptotic cell death will be necessary to better determine the capabilities of
1H NMR spectroscopy for the detection and estimation of apoptosis if
vitro.

Å°¿öµå

Apoptosis; 1H NMR spectroscopy; Membrane phospholipid; Phosphatidylserine;

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