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ºÎÀΰú¾Ï¿¡¼­ Á¶Á÷³» »ðÀÔ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á - ApplicatorÀÇ °í¾È ¹× Á¦ÀÛ - Interstitial Vaginal Needle Implantation in Gynecological Tumors :Design and Construction of Applicator

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Abstract

¸ñ Àû : ¿ø¹ß¼º ȤÀº Àç¹ßÇÑ ºÎÀΰú¾Ï(ÀڱðæºÎ¾Ï, Áú¾Ï, ¹× ¿ÜÀ½ºÎ¾Ï)¿¡¼­ ÁúºÎÀ§ÀÇ º´¼Ò¿¡ Ãß°¡¼±·®¸¦ Á¶»çÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýµé Áï, ½Ç¸°´õ(cylinder)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ °­³»Ä¡·á¿Í ¹Ù´Ã(needle)À» »ç¿ëÇÑ Á¶Á÷³» Æò¸é»ðÀÔ(single plane implant)¸¸À¸·Î´Â ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ¼±·®ºÐÆ÷¸¦ ¾ò±â Èûµç °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹´Ù. ÀúÀÚµéÀº ¹æ±¤ ¹× Á÷Àå¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶»ç¼±·®À» ÃÖ¼ÒÈ­Çϸ鼭 Áú³»ÀÇ º´¼Ò¿¡ ±¹ÇÑÇÏ¿© °í¼±·®ÀÇ ¹æ»ç¼±À» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ Ã¼Àû»ðÀÔ(volume implant)ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ±â±¸(applicator ȤÀº template)¸¦ °í¾È, ÀÚü Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À̸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

´ë»ó ¹× ¹æ¹ý : 1994³â 8¿ùºÎÅÍ 1998³â 2¿ù±îÁö 9¸íÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁÖ´ëÇб³º´¿ø¿¡¼­ Á¶Á÷³» ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. À̵éÀº Áúº®¿¡ Àç¹ßÇÑ ÀڱðæºÎ¾Ï(5¸í), ¿ø¹ß¼º ÀڱðæºÎ¾Ï(3¸í), ¿ø¹ß¼º Áú¾Ï(1¸í)À¸·Î Ä¡·á¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ù 3¸íÀÇ È¯ÀÚ´Â ±â±¸¾øÀÌ ¹Ù´ÃÀ» Æò¸é»ðÀÔÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌÈÄ¿¡´Â º´º¯ÀÇ À§Ä¡ ¹× Å©±â µîÀ» °í·ÁÇÒ ¶§ ÁÖÀ§Á¤»óÁ¶Á÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±·®À» ÁÙÀ̸鼭 Á¾¾ç¿¡´Â ±ÕµîÇÑ ¼±·®ºÐÆ÷·Î °í¼±·®ÀÇ ¹æ»ç¼±À» Á¶»çÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â üÀû»ðÀÔÀÌ À¯¸®ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ´ÜµÇ¾î ±â±¸¸¦ °í¾È, ÀÚü Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ù´ÃÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷³» »ðÀÔ¿ë(Microselectron, Nucletron)À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌ´Â Àú¼±·®À²(LDR) ¹× °í¼±·®À²(HDR) ±ÙÁ¢Ä¡·á ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÏ¿´´Ù. 6¸íÁß 3¸íÀº 50cc ÁÖ»ç±â¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¸¸µç Ãʱ⠴ܰèÀÇ ±â±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù(1Â÷ ÇüÅÂ). ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ãʱ⠴ܰèÀÇ ±â±¸´Â Ç¥¸éÀÌ ¸Å²öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ¿© ÁúÁ¡¸·À» ¼Õ»ó½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°í ¹Ù´Ã »ðÀÔÈÄ ±â±¸°¡ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ȸÀ½ºÎ¿¡ °íÁ¤½ÃÅ°´Â ³¯°³ºÎÀ§°¡ ¾ø´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö 3¸íÀÇ È¯ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ÜÁ¡À» º¸¿ÏÇÏ°í Á¾¾çÀÇ Å©±â ¹× À§Ä¡¿¡ µû¶ó Á» ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹Ù´ÃÀ» »ðÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï »õ·Ó°Ô °í¾ÈÇÑ ±â±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù(2Â÷ ÇüÅÂ). Àç·á´Â Åõ¸í ¾ÆÅ©¸± ȤÀº Ä¡°ú¿ë ¸ôµå(mold) ¼ÒÀç(Provil )¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç ȸÀ½ºÎ¿¡ ±â±¸¸¦ °íÁ¤½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇÑ ³¯°³¸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. 2Â÷ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±â±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ È¯ÀÚÁß ¸¶Áö¸· 1¸íÀº Á¾¾çÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© »ðÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù´ÃÀÇ °¹¼ö¸¦ Áõ°¡½ÃÄѼ­ »õ·ÎÀÌ Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ½Ã¼úÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¿¹ºñÄ¡·á°èȹÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µ¿À§¿ø¼ÒÀÇ ¼ö·® ¹× ¹è¿­À» °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

°á °ú : ÀÚü Á¦ÀÛÇÑ ±â±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ¹Ù´ÃÀ» ÀÏÁ¤°£°ÝÀ¸·Î »ðÀÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿ëÀÌÇØÁ³À¸¸ç ½Ã¼ú½Ã°£À» ´ÜÃà½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°í »ðÀÔ¹æÇâÀÌ À߸øµÇ¾î ¿©·¯¹ø ¹Ù´ÃÀ» Â´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àû¾îÁ® Á¶Á÷¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Õ»óÀ» ÁÙÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼Õ½±°Ô ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àç·á¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© µû¶ó °³º°È­°¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ °ª½Î°í À¯¿ëÇÑ ±â±¸ÀÇ Á¦ÀÛÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç À̸¦ ÅëÇØ Á» ´õ ÀÌ»óÀûÀÎ ¼±·®ºÐÆ÷°î¼±À» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. 3¸íÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¿¡¼­ ¹Ù´Ã »ðÀÔÈÄ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ´ÜÃþÃÔ¿µÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿© ¹è¿­ÀÇ Á¤È®¼º°ú ¹æ±¤ ¹× Á÷Àå¿¡ Á¶»çµÇ´Â ¼±·®À» °¨¼Ò½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸· ÃßÀû°üÂû½Ã ¿ø¹ß¼º Á¾¾çÀ¸·Î Ä¡·á¹Þ¾Ò´ø 3¸íÀÇ È¯ÀÚ ¸ðµÎ°¡ ±¹¼ÒÁ¦¾îµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª Àç¹ßÇÏ¿© Ä¡·áÇÏ¿´´ø °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸ðµÎ ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ßÇÏ¿´´Ù.

°á ·Ð : ÀúÀÚµéÀº ºÎÀΰú¾Ï¿¡¼­ ±ÙÁ¢Ä¡·á½Ã ȯÀÚÀÇ Á¾¾ç Ư¼º¿¡ µû¶ó ±â±¸¸¦ ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô °í¾ÈÇÏ¿© ÀûÀº ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ºñ±³Àû ¼Õ½±°Ô ÀÚü Á¦ÀÛÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á È¿°úÀûÀÎ Á¶Á÷³» »ðÀÔ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

Purpose : It is not a simple task to achieve the ideal isodose curve with a standard vaginal applicator or single plane needle impant in the paravaginal tissue when primary or recurrent gynecological neoplasms(cervical cancers, vaginal cancers
and vulvar cancers) are treated as a boost following external beam radiotherapy. The authors introduce the development and construction of a simple, inexpensive, customized applicator for volume implant to maximize the radiation dose to the tumor while minimizing the dose to the rectum and the bladder.

Materials and Methods : Nine patients underwent Ir-192 transperineal interstitial implantation for either recurrent(5 cases) or primary(3 cases) cervical cancers or primary vaginal cancer(1 case) between August 1994 and February 1998 at Ajou university
hospital. First 3 cases were performed with a single plane implant guided by digital palpation. Because of inadequate isodose coverage in the tumor volume in first 3 cases, we designed and constructed interstitial vaginal applicator for volume implant to improve tumor dose distribution and homogeneity while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Our applicators consist of vaginal obturator and perineal template that made of the clear acrylamide and dental mold material(Provil ). The applicators were customized individually according to the tumor size and its location. Both HDR and LDR irradiation were given with these applicators accomodating 6 Fr needles(Microselectron, Nucletron). The pretreatment planning prior to actual implant was performed whenever possible.

Results : Needles can be inserted easily and evenly into the tumor volume through the holes of templates, requiring less efforts and time for the implant prodecure. Our applicators made of materials available from commercial vendors. These have
an advantage that require easy procedure, and spend relatively short time to construct. Also it was possible to fabricate applicators to individualize according to the tumor size and its location and to achieve the ideal isodose coverage. We found an accurate needle arrangement and ideal dose distribution through the CT scan that was obtained in 3 cases after needle implant. Three patients with primary cervical and vaginal cancers were controlled locally at final follow up. But all recurrent cases failed to do so.

Conclusion : The authors introduce inexpensive, simple interstitial vaginal templates which were self-designed and constructed using materials available from commercial vendors such as acrylamide and dental mold material(Provil ).

Interstitial vaginal implant; Transperineal interstitial needle implant; Brachytherapy; Gynecological tumor; Applicator; Template

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