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Á÷Àå¾ÏÀÇ ±ÙÄ¡Àû ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ È­Çпä¹ý°ú ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·áÀÇ ¼ø¼­ Optimal Scheme of Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer : Phase III Prospective Randomized Trial

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Abstract

¸ñÀû: ±ÙÄ¡Àû ¼ö¼úÀ» ½ÃÇà ¹ÞÀº Á÷Àå¾Ï ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­ ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ º¸Á¶Ä¡·á·Î¼­ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿Í È­Çпä¹ýÀ» ½ÃÇà ½Ã, ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿Í È­Çпä¹ýÀÇ ½ÃÇà ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ µû¸¥ »ýÁ¸À², Ä¡·á ½ÇÆоç»ó, ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» Á¦ 3»ó ÀüÇâÀû ¹«ÀÛÀ§ ºñ±³Àӻ󿬱¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ºñ±³ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡Àå
ÀûÀýÇÑ
¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿Í È­Çпä¹ýÀÇ ¼ø¼­¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. ´ë»ó ¹× ¹æ¹ý: 1996³â 1¿ùºÎÅÍ 1999³â 3¿ù±îÁö ±ÙÄ¡Àû ÀýÁ¦¼úÀ» ½ÃÇà ¹ÞÀº AJCC º´±â 2±â ¹× 3±âÀÇ Á÷Àå¾Ï ȯÀÚ 307¸íÀ» Á¶±â ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á±º(arm ¥°)°ú Áö¿¬ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á±º(arm ¥±)·Î ³ª´©¾î ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿Í
È­Çпä¹ýÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á´Â Àü°ñ¹Ý ¿µ¿ª¿¡ 45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´°í, È­Çпä¹ýÀº 5-FU 375 §·/§³/day¿Í leucovorin 20 §·/§³/day¸¦ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿Í µ¿½ÃÄ¡·á±â°£¿¡´Â 3ÀϾ¿, È­Çпä¹ý ´Üµ¶±â°£¿¡´Â 5ÀϾ¿ ÃÑ 8ȸ¸¦ Á¤¸ÆÁÖ»ç ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á¶±â
¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á±º¿¡¼­´Â 1ȸÂ÷ È­Çпä¹ý°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¸¦ ½ÃÇàÇÏ¿´°í, Áö¿¬ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á±º¿¡¼­´Â 3ȸÂ÷ È­Çпä¹ý¿¡ ¸ÂÃß¾î ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á°¡ ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. 307¸í ȯÀÚ Áß 50¸íÀÌ º» ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ¿¹Á¤µÇ¾ú´ø ´ë·Î ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á ȤÀº È­Çпä¹ýÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, »ýÁ¸ ȯÀÚ
264¸íÀÇ
Áß¾ÓÃßÀû°üÂû±â°£Àº 40°³¿ùÀ̾ú´Ù. °á°ú: Arm ¥°Àº 151¸í, arm ¥±´Â 156¸íÀÌ ÇÒ´çµÇ¾ú°í, 5³â Àüü»ýÁ¸À²Àº ¾ç±º¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ 78.3%, 78.4%¿´°í, 5³â ¹«º´»ýÁ¸À²Àº °¢°¢ 68.7%, 67.5%·Î ¾ç±º°£¿¡ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¾ç±º°£ÀÇ 5³â ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ßÀ²Àº 6.6%, 6.4%
(p=0.46)¿´°í, 5³â ¿ø°ÝÀüÀÌÀ²Àº 23.8%, 29.5% (p=0.16)·Î Åë°èÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÖ´Â Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á Áß RTOG grade 1 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹éÇ÷±¸ °¨¼ÒÁõÀº ¾ç±º¿¡¼­ 63.6%, 67.3%·Î ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸³ª, RTOG grade 3 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹éÇ÷±¸ °¨¼ÒÁõÀº °¢°¢ 1.3%, 2.6%·Î ¸Å¿ì
µå¹°°Ô
°üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù. NCI common toxicity criteria¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ grade 3 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¼³»ç¸¦ º¸°íÇÑ È¯ÀÚ´Â arm ¥°¿¡¼­ 63.0%, arm ¥±¿¡¼­ 58.2%¿´´Ù(p>0.05). °á·Ð: Á÷Àå¾ÏÀÇ ±ÙÄ¡Àû ÀýÁ¦¼ú ÈÄ º¸Á¶ÀûÀÎ ¹æ»ç¼±È­Çпä¹ýÀ¸·Î ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ßÀ²À» ³·Ãâ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¿Í
È­Çпä¹ýÀÇ
¼ø¼­¿¡ µû¸¥ ¾ç±º°£ÀÇ »ýÁ¸À²°ú Ä¡·á ½ÇÆоç»ó¿¡´Â À¯ÀÇÇÑ Â÷À̸¦ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ ¹æ»ç¼±È­Çпä¹ý¿¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ È¯ÀÚ°¡ Å« ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ Ä¡·á ¼øÀÀµµ´Â ´õ ³ô¾ÆÁ®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Purpose: To determine the optimal scheme of postoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer by comparing survival, patterns of failure, toxicities in early and late radiotherapy groups using a phase III randomized prospective clinical
trial.
Materials and Methods: From January 1996 to March 1999, 307 patients with curatively resected AJCC stage ¥± and ¥² rectal cancer were assigned randomly to an 'early (151 patients, arm ¥°)' or a 'late (156 patients, arm ¥±)' and were
administered
combined chemotherapy (5-FU 375 §·/§³/day, leucovorin 20 §·/§³, ¥³ bolus daily, for 3 days with RT, 5 days without RT, 8 cycles with 4 weeks interval) and radiation therapy (whole pelvis with 45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks). Patients of arm ¥°
received
radiation therapy from day 1 of the first cycle of chemotherapy and those of arm ¥± from day 57 with a third cycle of chemotherapy. The median follow-up period of living patients was 40 months. Results: Of the 307 patients enrolled, fifty
patients did not receive scheduled radiation therapy or chemotherapy. The overall survival rate and disease free survival rate at 5 years were 78.3% and 68.7% in arm ¥°, and 78.4% and 67.5% in arm ¥±. The local recurrence rate was 6.6% and 6.4% (
p=0.46) in arms ¥° and ¥±, respectively, no significant difference was observed between the distant metastasis rates of the two arms (23.8% and 29.5%, p=0.16). During radiation therapy, grade 3 diarrhea or more, by the NCI common toxicity
criteria,
was
observed in 63.0% and 58.2% of the respective arms (p=N.S.), but most were controlled with supportive care. Hematologic toxicity (leukopenia) greater than RTOG grade 2 was found in only 1.3% and 2.6% of patients in each respective arm.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in survival, patterns of failure or toxicities between the early and late radiation therapy arms. Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation was found to be a relatively safe treatment but higher
compliance is needed.

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Á÷Àå¾Ï; ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á; È­Çпä¹ý; Rectal cancer; Radiation therapy; Chemotherapy; Phase III clinical trial;

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