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Á÷Àå¾ÏÀÇ ¼ö¼ú Àü µ¿½ÃÀû Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çйæ»ç¼±Ä¡·á °á°ú Results of Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for the Treatment of Rectal Cancer

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Abstract

¸ñ Àû: Á÷Àå¾Ï¿¡¼­ ¼ö¼ú Àü µ¿½ÃÀû Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çйæ»ç¼±¿ä¹ýÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÑ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Ç×¹® °ý¾à±Ù º¸Á¸À², »ýÁ¸À², ¿¹ÈÄÀÎÀÚ µîÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

´ë»ó ¹× ¹æ¹ý: 1999³â 1¿ùºÎÅÍ 2007³â 6¿ù±îÁö Á÷Àå¾Ï ȯÀÚ·Î Áø´ÜµÇ¾î ¼ö¼ú Àü µ¿½ÃÀû Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çйæ»ç¼±¿ä¹ýÀ» ½ÃÇàÇÑ È¯ÀÚ´Â ¸ðµÎ 150¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Áß Áø´Ü½Ã ¿ø°ÝÀüÀÌ°¡ ¾ø°í Àç¹ß¾ÏÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¸ç º»¿ø¿¡¼­ ±ÙÄ¡Àû ¼ö¼úÀ» ¹ÞÀº ȯÀÚ Áß °èȹµÈ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á¸¦ ¿Ï·áÇÑ ÃÑ 82¸íÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á´Â ÀÏÀÏ 1.8¡­2 Gy¾¿, ÁÖ 5ȸ 41.4¡­46 Gy (Áß¾Ó°ª 44 Gy)¸¦ Àü °ñ¹Ý¿¡ Á¶»çÇÑ ÈÄ ¿ø¹ßºÎÀ§ ¹× °íÀ§Çè ºÎÀ§¿¡ ÃÑ ¹æ»ç¼±·®ÀÌ 43.2 Gy¡­54 Gy (Áß¾Ó°ª 50.4 Gy)±îÁö Ãß°¡ Á¶»çÇÏ¿´´Ù. Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çпä¹ýÀº 66¸í(80.5%)¿¡¼­ 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin,cisplatinÀ» Á¤ÁÖÇÏ¿´°í, 16¸í(19.5%)¿¡¼­´Â 5-FU¿Í leucovorin¸¸À» Á¤ÁÖÇÏ¿© ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á ±â°£ µ¿¾È 4ÁÖ °£°ÝÀ¸·Î 2ȸ ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼ö¼úÀº µ¿½ÃÀû Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çйæ»ç¼±Ä¡·á Á¾·á ÈÄ 3¡­45ÁÖ(Áß¾Ó°ª 7ÁÖ)°¡ °æ°úµÇ¾î ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼ö¼úÈÄ À¯Áö Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çпä¹ýÀº ÃÑ 38¸í(47.6%)¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù.

°á °ú: Àüü ȯÀÚÀÇ Ç×¹® °ý¾à±Ù º¸Á¸À²Àº 73.2%(60¸í)À̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Áß Á¾¾çÀÇ ÃÖÇÏ À§Ä¡°¡ Ç×¹®¿¬À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ 5 cm ¹Ì¸¸ÀΠȯÀÚ 48¸íÁß 31¸í(64.6%)¿¡¼­, 5 cm ÀÌ»óÀΠȯÀÚ 34¸í Áß 29¸í(85.3%)¿¡¼­ Ç×¹® °ý¾à±ÙÀ» º¸Á¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ º´¸®Àû ¿ÏÀü°üÇØÀ²Àº 14.6% (12/82)¿´´Ù. Àüü ȯÀÚÀÇ Tº´±â ÇÏ°­·üÀº 42.7% (35/82)¿´°í, N º´±âÇÏ°­·üÀº 75.5% (37/49)¿´À¸¸ç, Àüü º´±â °¨¼ÒÀ²Àº 67.1% (55/82)¿´´Ù. Àüü ȯÀÚÀÇ ÃßÀû °üÂû ±â°£Àº 11¡­107°³¿ù·Î Áß¾Ó°ªÀº 38°³¿ùÀ̾ú´Ù. Àüü ȯÀÚÀÇ 5³â »ýÁ¸À², ¹«º´»ýÁ¸À² ¹× ±¹¼ÒÁ¾¾çÁ¦¾îÀ²Àº °¢°¢ 67.4%, 58.9%, 84.4%¿´´Ù. ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ º´±âº° 5³â »ýÁ¸À²Àº 0 (n=12), I (n=16), II (n=30), III (n=23)±â¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ 100%, 59.1%, 78.6%, 36.9%À̾ú°í IV º´±â 1¿¹´Â 43°³¿ù ÇöÀç »ýÁ¸ ÁßÀÌ´Ù(p=0.02). º´±âº° 5³â ¹«º´»ýÁ¸À²Àº 0, I, II, III, IV ±â¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ 77.8%, 63.6%, 58.9%, 51.1%, 0%¿´´Ù(p£¼0.001). º´±âº° 5³â ±¹¼ÒÁ¾¾çÁ¦¾îÀ²Àº 0, I, II, III±â ¿¡¼­ °¢ °¢ 88.9%, 93.8%, 91.1%, 68.2%¿´°í IV º´±â 1¿¹´Â 43°³¿ù ÇöÀç ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ß ¾øÀÌ »ýÁ¸ ÁßÀÌ´Ù(p=0.01). »ýÁ¸À²¿¡
¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿¹ÈÄÀÎÀÚ¸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¿¬·É(¡Â55¼¼ vs. £¾55¼¼), ÀÓ»óÀû º´±â(I+II vs, III), ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á Á¾·á ÈÄ ¼ö¼ú±îÁöÀÇ °æ°ú±â°£(¡Â6ÁÖ vs. £¾6ÁÖ), ¼ö¼ú¹æ¹ý (Ç×¹®°ý¾à±Ùº¸Á¸¼ú vs. ºñº¸Á¸¼ú), º´¸®ÇÐÀû Tº´±â, º´¸®ÇÐÀû Nº´±â, º´¸®ÇÐÀû Àüüº´±â(0 vs. I£«II vs. III£«IV), º´¸®ÇÐÀû ¿ÏÀü°üÇØ¿©ºÎ µî ÃÑ 8°³ÀÇ ´Ùº¯·® ºÐ¼®»ó, ¿¬·É°ú º´¸®ÇÐÀû Nº´±â´Â Àüü »ýÁ¸À²¿¡, º´¸®ÇÐÀû Àüü º´±â´Â ¹«º´»ýÁ¸À²¿¡, º´¸®ÇÐÀû Nº´±â´Â ±¹¼ÒÁ¾¾çÁ¦¾îÀ²¿¡ °¢°¢ À¯ÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. Àüü ȯÀÚ Áß Àç¹ßÇÑ È¯ÀÚ´Â ¸ðµÎ 25¸íÀ¸·Î ±¹¼ÒÀç¹ß 10¸í, ¿ø°ÝÀüÀÌ 13¸í, ±¹¼Ò ¹× ¿ø°ÝÀüÀÌ°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ȯÀÚ 2¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. Ç×¾ÏÈ­ÇÐ ¹æ»ç¼±Ä¡·á Áß µî±Þ 3 ÀÌ»óÀÇ Ç÷¾×ÇÐÀû µ¶¼ºÀº ¹éÇ÷±¸ °¨¼Ò°¡ 2¸íÀ̾ú°í, µî±Þ 3ÀÇ ÇǺιÝÀÀÀÌ 1¸íÀ̾ú´Ù. ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ 60ÀÏ À̳»ÀÇ ÀÔ¿øÀ» ¿äÇÒ Á¤µµÀÇ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ¸·Î´Â ÃÑ 11¸íÀ¸·Î ¹®ÇպΠ´©Ãâ 5¸í, °ñ¹ÝºÎ ³ó¾çÀÌ 2¸í, ±×¿Ü 4¸í µîÀ̾ú´Ù

°á ·Ð: Á÷Àå¾Ï¿¡¼­ ¼ö¼ú Àü µ¿½ÃÀû Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çйæ»ç¼±¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î º´±â ÇÏ°­ ¹× Ç×¹® °ý¾à±Ù º¸Á¸¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò¾ú°í, ¼ö¼ú Àü Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çйæ»ç¼±¿ä¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ µ¶¼ºÀº ¹Ì¹ÌÇÏ¿´´Ù. º´¸®ÇÐÀû Nº´±â°¡ »ýÁ¸À²°ú ±¹¼ÒÁ¾¾çÁ¦¾îÀ²¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ ¿¹ÈÄ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¼ú ÈÄ º¸Á¶Àû ¿ä¹ýÀÌ ´õ¿í °­È­µÉ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢µÈ´Ù.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate anal sphincter preservation rates, survival rates, and prognostic factors in patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.


Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty patients with pathologic confirmed rectal cancer and treated by preoperative chemoradiotherapy between January 1999 and June 2007. Of the 150 patients, the 82 who completed the scheduled chemoradiotherapy, received definitive surgery at our hospital, and did not have distant metastasis upon initial diagnosis were enrolled in this study. The radiation dose delivered to the whole pelvis ranged from 41.4 to 46.0 Gy (median 44.0 Gy) using daily fractions of 1.8¡­2.0 Gy at 5 days per week and a boost dose to the primary tumor and high risk area up to a total of 43.2¡­54 Gy (median 50.4 Gy). Sixty patients (80.5%) received 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and cisplatin, while 16 patients (19.5%) were administered 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin every 4 weeks concurrently during radiotherapy. Surgery was performed for 3 to 45 weeks (median 7 weeks) after completion of chemoradiotherapy.

Results: The sphincter preservation rates for all patients were 73.2% (60/82). Of the 48 patients whose tumor
was located at less than 5 cm away from the anal verge, 31 (64.6%) underwent sphincter-saving surgery. Moreover, of the 34 patients whose tumor was located at greater than or equal to 5 cm away from the anal verge, 29 (85.3%) were able to preserve their anal sphincter. A pathologic complete response was achieved in 14.6% (12/82) of all patients. The downstaging rates were 42.7% (35/82) for the T stage, 75.5% (37/49) for the N stage, and 67.1% (55/82) for the overall stages. The median follow-up period was 38 months (range 11 ¡­107 months). The overall 5-year survival, disease-free survival, and locoregional control rates were 67.4%, 58.9% and 84.4%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates based on the pathologic stage were 100% for stage 0 (n=12), 59.1 % for stage I (n=16), 78.6% for stage II (n=30), 36.9% for stage III (n=23), and one patient with pathologic stage IV was alive for 43 months (p=0.02). The 5-year disease-free survival rates were 77.8% for stage 0, 63.6 % for stage I, 58.9% for stage II, 51.1% for stage III, and 0% for stage IV (p£¼0.001). The 5-year locoregional control rates were 88.9% for stage 0, 93.8% for stage I, 91.1% for stage II, 68.2% for stage III, and one patient with pathologic stage IV was alive without local recurrence (p=0.01). The results of a multivariate analysis with age (¡Â55 vs. £¾55), clinical stage (I+II vs. III), radiotherapy to surgery interval (¡Â6 weeks vs. £¾6 weeks), operation type (sphincter preservation vs. no preservation), pathologic T stage, pathologic N stage, pathologic overall stage (0 vs. I+II vs. III+IV), and pathologic response (complete vs. non-CR), only age and pathologic N stage were significant predictors of overall survival, pathologic overall stage for disease-free survival, and pathologic N stage for locoregional control rates, respectively. Recurrence was observed in 25 patients (local recurrence in 10 patients, distant metastasis in 13 patients, and both in 2 patients). Acute hematologic toxicity (¡Ãgrade 3) during chemoradiotherapy was observed in 2 patients, while
skin toxicity was observed in 1 patient. Complications developing within 60 days after surgery and required admission or surgical intervention, were observed in 11 patients: anastomotic leakage in 5 patients, pelvic abscess in 2 patients, and others in 4 patients.

Conclusion: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy was an effective modality to achieve downstaging and sphincter
preservation in rectal cancer cases with a relatively low toxicity. Pathologic N stage was a statistically significant
prognostic factor for survival and locoregional control and so, more intensified postoperative adjuvant
chemotherapy should be considered in these patients.

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Á÷Àå¾Ï;¼ö¼ú Àü Ç×¾ÏÈ­Çйæ»ç¼±¿ä¹ý
Rectal cancer;Preoperative chemoradiotherapy

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