Patent Foramen Ovale: Risk Factors and Diagnostic Comparison of Transcranial Doppler versus Echocardiography for Secondary Stroke Prevention
Malhotra Konark, Katsanos Aristeidis, Frogoudak Alexandra, Vrettou Agathi-Rosa, Ikonomidis Ignatios, Tsivgoulis Georgios,
소속 상세정보
( Malhotra Konark )
West Virginia University Charleston Area Medical Center Department of Neurology
( Katsanos Aristeidis )
Ruhr University of Bochum St. Josef-Hospital Department of Neurology
( Frogoudak Alexandra )
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Attikon University Hospital Department of Cardiology
( Vrettou Agathi-Rosa )
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Attikon University Hospital Department of Cardiology
( Ikonomidis Ignatios )
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Attikon University Hospital Department of Cardiology
( Tsivgoulis Georgios )
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Attikon University Hospital Department of Neurology
Abstract
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common cause of right-to-left shunt that increases the potential for paradoxical embolism. Management of patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke with PFO pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. In this review article, we briefly discuss various factors associated with PFO that increase its causal relationship with cryptogenic ischemic stroke. We extensively discuss various diagnostic modalities (transcranial Doppler vs. transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography) available for detection and detailed evaluation of PFO, compare the advantages and disadvantages among these diagnostic modalities and further provide the updated recommendations for medical and interventional treatment options for cryptogenic stroke patients diagnosed with PFO.
키워드
Patent foramen ovale; Transcranial doppler ultrasonography; Echocardiography; Cryptogenic ischemic stroke
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