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Çѱ¹¾î-¿µ¾î ÀÌÁß ¾ð¾î ÇнÀ ¾Æµ¿¿¡¼­ Á¦2¾ð¾î ½Àµæ°ú ¿¬°üµÈ ´ë³ú ¿µ¿ª È°¼ºÈ­ ±âÀü Neural Mechanism of Second Language Processing in Korean-English Bilingual Children

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ÀÌÀ±¿µ, ¹éº´Çö, ±è½½±â, ¹ÚÀÏ¿ì, Á¤±¤¿ì, ¹é½ÂÇö, À±¿õ,
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ÀÌÀ±¿µ ( Lee Yun-Young ) 
Àü³²´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ¿µ»óÀÇÇб³½Ç

¹éº´Çö ( Baek Byung-Hyun ) 
Àü³²´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ¿µ»óÀÇÇб³½Ç
±è½½±â ( Kim Seul-Kee ) 
È­¼øÀü³²´ëÇб³º´¿ø ¿µ»óÀÇÇаú
¹ÚÀÏ¿ì ( Park Il-Woo ) 
Àü³²´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ¿µ»óÀÇÇб³½Ç
Á¤±¤¿ì ( Jeong Gwang-Woo ) 
Àü³²´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ¿µ»óÀÇÇб³½Ç
¹é½ÂÇö ( Baek Seung-Hyun ) 
Àü³²´ëÇб³ Àι®´ëÇÐ ¿µ¾î¿µ¹®Çаú
À±¿õ ( Yoon Woong ) 
Àü³²´ëÇб³ ÀÇ°ú´ëÇÐ ¿µ»óÀÇÇб³½Ç

Abstract

¸ñÀû: Á¦1¾ð¾î(Çѱ¹¾î)~Á¦2¾ð¾î(¿µ¾î) ÀÌÁß ¾ð¾î ÇнÀ ¾Æµ¿¿¡¼­ ±â´ÉÀû ÀÚ±â°ø¸í¿µ»ó(functional MRI; ÀÌÇÏ fMRI)À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© Á¦2¾ð¾î ½Àµæ°ú ¿¬°üµÈ ´ë³ú È°¼ºÈ­ ±âÀüÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

´ë»ó°ú ¹æ¹ý: ¿µ¾î¸¦ ¹è¿î ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÃʵîÇб³ 4~6Çгâ(11~13¼¼) Çлý 20¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù. »ó, Áß, ÇÏ ³­À̵µ·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ ´Ü¹® ÀÌÇØ °úÁ¦¸¦ °¢°¢ Çѱ¹¾î¿Í ¿µ¾î·Î ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È fMRI µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ȹµæÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾ð¾îº°, ¾ð¾î±¸»ç´É·Âº°, ³­À̵µº°·Î ³ªÅ¸³­ ´ë³ú È°¼ºÈ­ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ °¢°¢ ºñ±³ ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

°á°ú: ¿µ¾î °úÁ¦ ¼öÇà ½Ã Çѱ¹¾î °úÁ¦º¸´Ù µî¿ÜÃø ÀüÀüµÎ¿±, º¸Á¶¿îµ¿¿µ¿ª, Áß½ÉÀüȸ, ÁÂÃø ±âÀúÇÙ, ÁÂÃø µÎÁ¤ÃøµÎ¿± ¹× Èĵο± µî¿¡¼­ ´õ ³ôÀº È°¼ºÈ­¸¦ º¸¿´À¸¸ç, ¾ð¾î±¸»ç´É·ÂÀÌ ³·À»¼ö·Ï ÀüÀüµÎ¿±À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÀüµÎÃøµÎ¿± ÇÇÁúÀÇ È°¼ºÀÌ ³ô°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. Áß ³­À̵µÀÇ ¿µ¾î °úÁ¦¿¡¼­ ÇÏ ³­À̵µÀÇ °úÁ¦º¸´Ù ¿ìÃø ÇÏÀüµÎȸ, ¿ìÃø µÎÁ¤ÃøµÎ¿± µî¿¡¼­ ´õ ³ôÀº È°¼ºÈ­¸¦ º¸¿´À¸³ª, »ó ³­À̵µÀÇ °úÁ¦ ¼öÇà ½Ã ´ë³ú È°¼º ¿µ¿ª ¹× Á¤µµ°¡ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ³·°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.

°á·Ð: Çѱ¹¾î¿¡ ºñÇØ ¿µ¾î °úÁ¦¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÒ ¶§, ¿µ¾î±¸»ç´É·ÂÀÌ ³·Àº ¾Æµ¿¿¡¼­, Áß ³­À̵µÀÇ ¿µ¾î °úÁ¦¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÒ ¶§ ´ë³ú È°¼ºÈ­ ¹üÀ§°¡ ³Ð°í Á¤µµµµ ³ô°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÃÇèÀÚÀÇ ÀÌÇصµ¸¦ ÃÊ°úÇÏ´Â °úÁ¦ ¼öÇà ½Ã¿¡´Â ´ë³ú È°¼ºÀÌ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ³·°Ô ³ªÅ¸³²À¸·Î½á, ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼öÁØÀÇ Á¦2¾ð¾î ÇнÀÀÌ Áß¿äÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

Purpose: To evaluate the neural mechanism of second language processing in Korean-English bilingual children using functional MRI (fMRI).

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 20 Korean elementary school children who were learning English as a foreign language. fMRI was performed during short-passage comprehension tasks in Korean and English languages. We analyzed which brain areas were activated according to the language, English proficiency, and task difficulty.

Results: Higher activities were observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, left basal ganglia, and left temporoparietal and occipital lobes during English comprehension than during Korean comprehension. The low English proficiency group showed higher activities than the high English proficiency group in the frontotemporal cortex, including the prefrontal cortex. Higher activities were observed in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right temporoparietal lobe during the English comprehension task of intermediate difficulty compared to that of low difficulty. However, the brain activities significantly decreased while performing a high-difficulty English task.

Conclusion: Brain activities significantly increased during English comprehension in the lower English proficiency group while performing an intermediate-difficulty task. However, brain activation decreased when the task difficulty exceeded the moderate comprehension level. These results suggest that a proper level of education is important to learn a second language.

Å°¿öµå

Brain; Functional MRI; Multilingualism

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KCI
KoreaMed
KAMS