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½Å°æ±Ù Áúȯ ¾Æµ¿ÀÇ ¼·½Ä Àå¾Ö¿Í ÁßÀç ¹æ¹ý Characteristics and Interventions in Pediatric Feeding Disorder with Neuromuscular Diseases

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¹Î°æö, ÀÌÁ¤¼±,
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¹Î°æö ( Min Kyung-Chul ) 
Seoul Metropolitan Children¡¯s Hospital Department of Occupational Therapy

ÀÌÁ¤¼± ( Lee Jeong-Seon ) 
Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Department of Occupational Therapy

Abstract

½Å°æ±Ù ÁúȯÀº ô¼öÀÇ ¿îµ¿½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ ¿îµ¿½Å°æ±Ù, ¸»ÃʽŰæ, ½Å°æ±Ù Á¢ÇպαîÁöÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ ¿îµ¿ ½Å°æ(lower motor neuron) Àå¾Ö¿Í ±ÙÀ° ÀÚüÀÇ ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ÁúȯÀ¸·Î, À¯º´·üÀº ¾à 3000ºÐÀÇ 1ÀÌ´Ù. ½Å°æ±Ù Áúȯ Áß Ã´¼ö±ÙÀ°À§ ÃàÁõ°ú µà¼¾Çü ±ÙÀÌ¿µ¾çÁõÀÌ °¡Àå ÈçÇϸç, ±Ù·Â ¹× ±Ù±äÀåµµ ÀúÇÏ, ±âŸ ½ÉºÎ °Ç ¹Ý»ç ÀúÇÏ ¶Ç´Â ¼Ò½Ç, °¨°¢ Àå¾Ö, À̿ϼº ¸¶ºñ, ±Ù À§Ãà µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÁÖ¿äÇÏ°Ô ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ½Å°æ±Ù Áúȯ ¾Æµ¿Àº ÁúȯÀû Ư¡À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ±¸°­¾È¸é ±ÙÀ° ÀúÇÏ, ÀÔ ¹ú¸², Çô µîÀÇ ±¸°­ ±¸Á¶¹° ¿òÁ÷ÀÓ Á¦ÇÑ, ³ôÀº ¾ÆÄ¡Çü ±¸°³, À§ÃàµÇ°Å³ª ºñ´ëÇÑ Çô, ȦÂßÇÑ º¼(sunken cheeks), À½½Äµ¢ÀÌ Çü¼º°ú ¾Ã ±â ¾î·Á¿ò µîÀÇ ±¸°­ ¿îµ¿ ¹®Á¦, ÀεΠ¹× ÈĵΠ±ÙÀ° ¿µÇâÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ »ïÅ´ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿ò, Æó·Å µî°ú °°Àº »ïÅ´ ¹× ¼·½Ä ¹®Á¦°¡ µ¿¹Ý µÇ°í ´ëºÎºÐ ÁøÇ༺À¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ½Å°æ±Ù Áúȯ ¾Æµ¿ÀÇ »ïÅ´ ¹× ¼·½Ä ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁßÀç·Î´Â ±¸°­ ¹× ÀεΠ±ÙÀ°°ú °ü·ÃÇÑ ±¸°­ ¿îµ¿ ´É·Â ÁõÁø, ¾Ã±â ´É·Â ÁõÁøÀ» À§ÇÑ ºÎÁ¤ ±³ÇÕ Ä¡·á, »ïÅ°´Â µ¿¾È ÈíÀÎ À§Çè °¨¼Ò, ÀûÀýÇÑ ¿µ¾ç ¼·Ã븦 À¯ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ À½½Ä º¯ÇüÀ» ÅëÇÑ Á÷Á¢ ½ÄÀÌ ÈƷðú ½ÉÇÑ Á¤µµ¿¡ µû¸¥ °æ°ü½ÄÀÌ Á¢±Ù µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ½Å°æ±Ù Áúȯ ¾Æµ¿ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä »ç¸Á ¿øÀÎÀΠȣÈí ºÎÀü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Àå±âÀûÀÎ ºñħ½ÀÀû ȯ±â¹ý µµÀÔ µîÀÇ Ä¡·á¹ý ¹× ÀÇÇÐ ±â¼úÀÇ ¹ß´Þ·Î ½Å°æ±Ù Áúȯ ´ë»óÀÚÀÇ ±â´ë ¼ö¸íÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ ¿©, »ïÅ´ ¹× ¼·½ÄÀÇ Àå¾Ö°¡ ´õ ºó¹øÇØÁö°í º´ÀÌ ÁøÇàµÉ¼ö·Ï ¾ÇÈ­µÇ¹Ç·Î ¿¬ÇÏ ÀçÈ° Ä¡·á Á¢±Ù°ú °ü·ÃµÈ Àü¹®ÀûÀÎ Á¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿ä±¸°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â ½Å°æ±Ù Áúȯ ¾Æµ¿ÀÇ ¼·½Ä ¹®Á¦ Ư¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ÁßÀç ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.

Neuromuscular disease is a progressive condition caused by a disorder in the lower motor neurons, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and abnormalities in the muscles, and the prevalence rate is about one in three thousand. Spinal muscular dystrophy and duchenne muscular dystrophy are most common in this disease. Symptoms are decreased muscle strength, muscle tone, absent or diminished deep tendon reflex, sensory disorders, flaccid paralysis, and muscle atrophy. Feeding and swallowing problems are common. Oral function affected by oral facial muscles, such as oral muscles weakness, limited mouth opening, hypertrophy, sunken cheeks, and oral motor problems, such as the difficulty of bolus formation and mastication are symptoms. Also swallowing problems can be caused by the dysfunction of the pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. Therapeutic approach includes the enhancement of oral motor skills and the malocclusion therapy to enhance chewing. Direct feeding training through diet modification and tube feeding are recommended to reduce risk of aspiration and to maintain adequate nutrition. Swallowing and feeding problems are considered through life. As survivability is increasing by medical technology advances and improvements in treatment, need for specialized academic information related to the disorders of swallowing and feeding is increasing as these problems become more frequent and worsen as the disease progresses.

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Neuromuscular disease; Feeding; Swallowing

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